25.01.24
Editorial Note
A group of scholars and practitioners of international law, genocide studies, international studies, and global justice published a petition in support of South Africa’s proceedings in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague against the State of Israel. South Africa is asking the court to recommend provisional measures to stop Israel’s genocide against the Palestinian People. Israel “intends to bring about the destruction of a substantial part of the Palestinian national, racial, and ethnic group, that being the part of the Palestinian group in the Gaza Strip.”
In support of South Africa, the petitioners state, “we wholeheartedly support South Africa’s application to the ICJ as a step towards a necessary ceasefire in Gaza and justice in Palestine.” The petitioners argue that the “support for South Africa’s application to the ICJ has increased, with Bolivia, Jordan, Malaysia, and Turkey backing the case. Over 1,000 political parties, unions, and other popular movements that support South Africa’s submission have also joined the four states.”
The petitioners also argue that “South Africa’s application to the ICJ cannot be disconnected from its own struggle against apartheid and the legacy of Israel’s close military support for the apartheid regime during some of the most oppressive years of white supremacist apartheid rule. The eradication of apartheid in South Africa was a significant achievement in the worldwide fight against racism, discrimination, and colonial subjugation. However, as Nelson Mandela stated, it is still ‘unfinished’ without the complete elimination of apartheid worldwide, and in Palestine.”
For the petitioners, “these connected struggles against apartheid and the racial calculus of genocide are crucial for upholding the internationalist vision of global justice, freedom, and decolonization.”
The petition ends by stating, “South Africa’s submission provides an opportunity to adjudicate the highly charged debates regarding Israel’s ongoing genocide in Gaza within a legal framework in front of the ICJ, upholding the aspiration for universal justice. In this spirit, we reiterate our support for South Africa’s submission to the ICJ as a clear demand to the international community to prioritize accountability, end genocide, reject impunity, and uphold human rights for all. We stand in support of South Africa’s application to the ICJ, and urge governments and people of conscience to do the same.”
The petition garnered almost 1100 signatures from scholars, including Jews and Israelis, among them, Raz Segal Stockton University, Jonathan Rosenhead London School of Economics, Haim Bresheeth-Zabner SOAS, London, Yosefa Loshitzky SOAS University of London, Neve Gordon Queen Mary University of London, Noam Peleg UNSW, Ophira Gamliel University of Glasgow, Yohai Hakak Brunel University London, Alana Lentin Western Sydney University, Rebecca Ruth Gould School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian Queen Mary University of London, Atalia Omer The University of Notre Dame, Ahuvia Kahane Trinity College Dublin.
This is not a surprise because, on October 15, 2023, over 800 scholars of international law and genocide studies published a statement declaring a potential genocide in Gaza. The signatories included Israelis and Jews, among them Yosefa Loshitzky, Professorial Research Associate, SOAS, University of London, Yael Navaro, Professor of Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Ronit Lentin, Retired Associate Professor of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, Raz Segal, Associate Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Stockton University., Omer Bartov, Samuel Pisar Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Department of History; Faculty Fellow, Watson Institute for International & Public Affairs, Brown University, Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, Lawrence D Biele Chair in Law, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Global Chair in Law, Queen Mary University of London, Hilla Dayan, Lecturer, Amsterdam University College, Haim Bresheeth-Žabner, Professorial Research Associate, SOAS University of London.
As a matter of fact, Israelis and Jews petitioned an international court well before the Gaza War. In 2021, over 180 Israeli human rights activists approached the International Criminal Court in The Hague. They wrote in support of the ICC, “We wish to assert at this early stage our deep suspicion, based on past experience, that the State of Israel, including its investigative and legal institutions, has no intention to seriously investigate complaints of war crimes. Our suspicion is backed by a very large number of documented cases ostensibly involving war crimes committed by Israel in the Occupied Territories in gross violation of international law.”
Then and now, these petitioners who are charging Israel with war crimes have turned a blind eye to the horrific record of Hamas during its two-decades-long control of the Gaza Strip. Hamas, on orders from Iran, had turned Gaza into a large military complex boasting some 500 km of tunnels and workshops for producing missiles and rockets that were used to shell Israeli towns and villages. Hamas stole untold billions of dollars from the aid that well-meaning countries sent to the Palestinian civilians. The money also enabled the Hamas elites to live in luxury while impoverishing the population. More egregiously, by embedding among the population, including hospitals, mosques, and schools, Hamas turned civilians into human shields, a tactic that is illegal under international laws of war. If this is not enough, the total omission of Hamas’s murderous attack on October 7 in their petitions is egregious. By omitting any reference to the brutality of Hamas, the petitioners lost all moral and legal standing in the discourse.
REFERENCES:
TWAILR
THIRD WORLD APPROACHES TO INTERNATIONAL LAW REVIEW
JANUARY 10, 2024 ANNOUNCEMENTS
Public Statement: Scholars support South Africa’s submission to the International Court of Justice against Israel for violations of the 1948 Genocide Convention
January 9, 2024
The Republic of South Africa initiated proceedings at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on December 29, 2023, against the State of Israel, asking the court to recommend provisional measures to stop Israel’s genocide against the Palestinian people. The Israeli government declared on January 2, 2024, that it would appear before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague. The application, brought under Article IX of the 1948 Genocide Convention, states that Israel “intends to bring about the destruction of a substantial part of the Palestinian national, racial, and ethnic group, that being the part of the Palestinian group in the Gaza Strip.” The first hearing is scheduled for January 11 and 12, 2024.
As scholars and practitioners of international law, genocide studies, and international studies, and cognate fields relating to global justice, we wholeheartedly support South Africa’s application to the ICJ as a step towards a necessary ceasefire in Gaza and justice in Palestine. We recall the statement published on October 15, 2023, sounding the alarm of a potential genocide in Gaza, signed by over 800 scholars of international law and genocide studies.
South Africa’s application provides a comprehensive account of widespread international agreement regarding Israel’s genocidal conduct in Gaza. The application reiterates statements made by the UN Secretary-General, who has described Gaza as a “crisis of humanity” and a “graveyard for children” in his invocation of Article 99 of the UN Charter. The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) has also raised “serious concerns regarding the obligation of Israel and other State parties to prevent crimes against humanity and genocide,” citing the dehumanising rhetoric targeted at Palestinians since October 7, 2023.
South Africa’s submission to the ICJ re-emphasises the jus cogens character of the prohibition of genocide and strengthens the legal recourse available to Palestinians in Gaza to ensure their fullest protection against the continued grave and immediate risk of genocide. South Africa’s request for provisional measures from the ICJ presents a path forward for a necessary ceasefire that has so far been hard to reach due to the United State’s obstinate refusal to support a humanitarian ceasefire.
South Africa’s application to the ICJ cannot be disconnected from its own struggle against apartheid and the legacy of Israel’s close military support for the apartheid regime during some of the most oppressive years of white supremacist apartheid rule. The eradication of apartheid in South Africa was a significant achievement in the worldwide fight against racism, discrimination, and colonial subjugation. However, as Nelson Mandela stated, it is still “unfinished” without the complete elimination of apartheid worldwide, and in Palestine. We recognise that these connected struggles against apartheid and the racial calculus of genocide are crucial for upholding the internationalist vision of global justice, freedom, and decolonisation.
As we enter the 4th consecutive month of Israel’s genocidal war against Gaza’s people, about 4% of the total population of the Gaza Strip is either dead, seriously injured, or missing. According to the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, an estimated 23,084 Palestinians have been killed since October, 70% of whom are women and children. Additionally, Israel has so far targeted 326 health workers and 112 Palestinian journalists. An additional 58,926 individuals have been injured, hundreds of whom are currently in serious condition.
In addition to the still-rising death toll as people are excavated from beneath the rubble of destroyed buildings and homes, Israel’s attacks have destroyed about 70% of all civilian infrastructure in Gaza, including hospitals, universities, bakeries, mosques, and sites of cultural heritage. This widespread destruction has precipitated concerns regarding further deaths from famine, food insecurity, and disease. Furthermore, the desecration of graves, targeted killings of journalists, and enforced disappearances of people in North Gaza by Israel’s forces demonstrates Israel’s continued intention of genocide against the people of Gaza.
There has also been an escalation of violence, arrests, expulsions, and destruction of entire Palestinian communities in the occupied West Bank and Jerusalem. Settler attacks against Palestinian communities have reached a record high, with nine new outposts erected and eighteen new roads paved or authorised by settlers, implicitly endorsed by the State of Israel.
Israel has predictably criticised South Africa’s application as “blood libel”, which misrepresents the grave violations catalogued in the application to the ICJ as antisemitic slander against Jews, and has put the wheels of its hasbara machinery in overdrive, with Israel’s foreign ministry calling on its embassies to press diplomats and politicians in their host countries to put out statements against South Africa’s case. Despite these efforts, support for South Africa’s application to the ICJ has increased, with Bolivia, Jordan, Malaysia, and Turkey backing the case. Over 1,000 political parties, unions, and other popular movements that support South Africa’s submission have also joined the four states.
South Africa’s submission provides an opportunity to adjudicate the highly charged debates regarding Israel’s ongoing genocide in Gaza within a legal framework in front of the ICJ, upholding the aspiration for universal justice. In this spirit, we reiterate our support for South Africa’s submission to the ICJ as a clear demand to the international community to prioritise accountability, end genocide, reject impunity, and uphold human rights for all.
We stand in support of South Africa’s application to the ICJ, and urge governments and people of conscience to do the same.
Signatories:
1. Jo BluenLSE/South African Jews for Free Palestine2. Anamika MisraUniversity of Kent3. John ReynoldsMaynooth University, Ireland4. Oumar BaCornell University5. Melusi SimelaneSouthern Africa Litigation Centre6. Bana Abu ZulufMaynooth University 7. Tshepo Madlingozi Wits University 8. Ardi ImseisQueen’s University 9. Dr Ntina TzouvalaANU College of Law10. Kelly GillespieUniversity of the Western Cape11. Shahd HammouriUniversity of Kent12. Shahnaaz Suffla University of South Africa 13. Yvette RussellUniversity of Bristol14. Kharnita Mohamed University of Cape Town 15. Emma DaitzUniversity of Cape Town16. Bonnie VenterUniversity of Bristol 17. Jill Bradbury University of the Witwatersrand18. Hylton WhiteUniversity of the Witwatersrand 19. Julia Africans Centre for Cities, UCT20. Dr. Lubna NadviSchool of Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal21. Shereen AbramsChisholm Institute 22. Patrick BondUniversity of Johannesburg Centre for Social Change23. Anneke MeerkotterSouthern Africa Litigation Centre24. Birgit PoopuuTallinn University25. Jacob van GarderenSouthernDefenders26. Anna Selmeczi University of Cape Town27. Nicola PeruginiUniversity of Edinburgh28. Louise du PlessisLawyers for Human Rights – South Africa29. Salvador Herencia-CarrascoHRREC, University of Ottawa30. Penny GreenQueen Mary University of London 31. Andrew J. DouglasMorehouse College32. Polly Pallister-WilkinsUniversity of Amsterdam33. Jadé BothEUI34. Maree Pardy School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Deakin University 35. Dr Quraysha Ismail Sooliman University of Pretoria 36. Anupama Ranawana University of St Andrews 37. Dr Howie Rechavia-TaylorLSE38. Zoë JayUniversity of Helsinki39. Dr Lisa Tilley SOAS, University of London 40. Lachlan SummersMax Planck Institute for the History of Science41. Richard JoyceFaculty of Law, Monash University 42. Sadhvi DarQueen Mary University of London Melanie Richter-MontpetitUniversity of Sussex 45. Jeff HandmakerErasmus University Rotterdam 46. Dr Ida Roland BirkvadLondon School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)47. Anton David SchoonSouth African Revenue Serivce 48. Heidi MatthewsOsgoode Hall Law School, York University49. Onni AhvonenUniversity of Helsinki50. Shaheeda Sadeck University of South Africa 51. Gerhard KempUWE Bristol52. Tamsin Phillipa Paige Deakin Law School 53. Dr. Owiso OwisoInternational lawyer54. Dr Juan AuzTilburg University55. Nthabiseng RamosepeleLawyers for Human Rights – South Africa56. Su Ming KhooUniversity of Galway, Ireland57. Sophia SoaresUniversity of Bristol 58. Miha BrebenelUniversity of Southampton59. Jennifer Orlando-SallingUniversity of Copenhagen 60. Rasigan MaharajhInstitute for Economic Research on Innovation61. Mohan Dutta CARE, Massey University, Aotearoa New Zealand 62. Nicola SoekoeUniversity of London63. Patricia Guernelli Palazzo TsaiUniversity of St Andrews (Scotland), Methodist University of Sao Paulo (Brazil) and Pramana Institute (Brazil)64. Alison PhippsUniversity of Glasgow 65. Eric LoeffladUniversity of Kent66. Felicity CallardUniversity of Glasgow 67. Mouki KambouroglouBirkbeck College, University of London68. Kezia LewinsUniversity of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 69. Maryam JamshidiUniversity of Colorado Law School70. Prof. Elena Fiddian-QasmiyehUCL71. Saydoon Nisa Sayed KwaZulu-Natal Palestine Solidarity Forum 72. Julia HopeAfrican Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town73. Cristian van EijkNewcastle University74. Esra Yılmaz ErenTurkish-German University75. Sarah DowlingUniversity of Toronto76. Mohammad FadelUniversity of Toronto Faculty of Law77. Zaid KimmieFoundation for Human Rights78. Nikolas KosmatopoulosAmerican University of Beirut 79. Michelle MoydMichigan State University80. Tahir AbassUniversity of Leeds81. Shehla KhanUniversity of Derby 82. Savo HeletaDurban University of Technology 83. Rehana ParveenUniversity of Birmingham Law School84. Scott LongIndependent human rights researcher85. Hamit Akan IBN KHALDUN UNİVERSİTY 86. Ahmed AbofoulInternational Institute of Social Studies (ISS) of Erasmus University Rotterdam/Al-Haq Organisation87. Lata Narayanaswamy University of Leeds 88. Amira Abdelhamid University of Portsmouth 89. Peter ReesGoldsmiths College, University of London90. Dr Fatima RajinaStephen Lawrence Research Centre, De Montfort University91. Graham Stewart University of Toronto92. Izabela DelabreBirkbeck, University of London93. Aritz ObregónUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)94. Ramokwapeng Jan MolebatsiLawyers for Human Rights95. Charmika Samaradiwakera-Wijesundara University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 96. D. Ntokozo MjiyakoThe Cape Bar – Society of Advocates Cape Town97. Anjolie SinghIndependent practitioner 98. Dr Edward Wastnidge Open University99. Ahmed Memon Cardiff School of Law and Politics 100. Tasniem AnwarVU Amsterdam101. Dr Uzayr Parak South African Government 102. Marina VelickovicUniversity of Warwick103. Anna SaundersUniversity College London104. Mikki Stelder University of Amsterdam 105. Chris HoldridgeNorth-West University106. Dalia LotfyUniversity of London 107. Aoife O’DonoghueQueen’s University Belfast108. Fahad AhmadToronto Metropolitan University 109. Pietro StefaniniUniversity of Edinburgh 110. Dr Claire CerutiWits University111. Luisa Calvete Portela BarbosaSOAS, University of London112. Gloria NovovićLondon School of Economics and Political Science113. Remy Twahirwa London School of Economics114. Dr. Samantha Morgan-WilliamsCCJHR, School of Law, University College Cork.115. Alice Panepinto Queen’s University Belfast 116. Elizabeth FourieNelson Mandela University 117. Ardi ImseisQueen’s University 118. Jeanette JouiliSyracuse University119. Keri van Douwen VU Amsterdam120. Dr Elisa Wynne-HughesCardiff University121. Ayça Çubukçu London School of Economics and Political Science122. Jasmin Johurun NessaEdge Hill University 123. Paola CastañedaUniversidad de los Andes (Colombia)124. Brunilda PaliUniversity of Amsterdam125. Naveed Ahmad MirUniversity of Kent 126. Laurine PlatzkyUniversity of the Western Cape127. Jasmine GaniUniversity of St Andrews128. Yomna El-Serafy University of Cambridge 129. Margarida FawkeRetired UNHCR Officer130. Dr Aisha Ahmad LUMS, Pakistan131. Katharine MillarLondon School of Economics132. Ashok KumarBirkbeck University 133. Raghavi ViswanathEuropean University Institute134. Maneo MohaleCentre for the Study of Race, Gender & Class (University of Johannesburg)135. Sumi MadhokLondon School of Economics 136. Sara MarzagoraKing’s College London 137. Dr Cemal Burak TanselNewcastle University138. Jillian RoginUniversity of Windsor139. Ruth FletcherQueen Mary University of London 140. Triestino Mariniello Liverpool John Moores University141. Levent PiskinUniversity of Dundee142. Myles HowardSOAS, University of London143. Mandy TurnerUniversity of Manchester, UK144. Rocio LorcaUniversity of Chile145. Chloé ChebUniversity of Manchester 146. Adam SabraUniversity of California, Santa Barbara147. Lena ObermaierUniversity of Exeter148. Rama SahtoutUniversity of Exeter149. Eman AlyAin Shams University150. Alessandra ArcuriErasmus University Rotterdam151. Jane PoynerUniversity of Exeter152. Krisna SaravanamuttuRudnicki and Company153. Rama Sahtout Exeter 154. Dr Rebecca Abby WhitingUniversity of Glasgow155. Sarah El-KazazSOAS156. The Rev’d Luke LarnerUniversity of Roehampton157. Tia TraffordUniversity for the Creative Arts158. Alessandra SpadaroUtrecht University159. Maysoon BadrideenNational Health Service160. Leon Pretorius University of the Western Cape (UWC) 161. Deborah LawsonSchool of Law and Justice, University of Liverpool162. Anna SuUniversity of Toronto Faculty of Law163. Julie CupplesUniversity of Edinburgh164. Alexander StoffelQueen Mary University165. Dr Lilly MarkakiRCA166. Catherine EschleUniversity of Strathclyde167. Rebecca SmythBirmingham City University168. Dr Lewis TurnerNewcastle University (UK)169. Shivangi Mariam RajIndependent Researcher and Writer170. Marie PetersmannLSE Law School171. Farwa SialSOAS172. Pinar BilginBilkent University173. Antje KunstPavocat Chambers174. Simbarashe VU Amsterdam175. Owain LawsonCardiff University176. Nick BernardsUniversity of Warwick177. Omer AijaziUniversity of Manchester 178. Sithembile MbeteUniversity of Pretoria179. Ezgi YildizCalifornia State University, Long Beach 180. Dr Surer Q MohamedPembroke College, University of Cambridge181. Tania SaeedLahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Pakistan 182. (Prof) Joel ModiriDepartment of Jurisprudence, University of Pretoria183. Matheus Gobbato Leichtweis Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul 184. Casey McNeillFordham University185. Raj MannSOAS University of London 186. Sean MaddenBirmingham Law School, University of Birmingham187. Vicki SquireUniversity of Warwick188. Maja DavidovicCardiff University189. Nivi Manchanda Queen Mary university of London 190. Santosh Anand University of Kent191. Iona SummersonDepartment of Politics and International Studies, SOAS192. Shraddha DubeyNational Law University Delhi193. Serena NatileWarwick Law School 194. Mattin BiglariUniversity of Bristol195. Shubranshu MUniversity of Exeter196. Elisa von Joeden-ForgeyThe Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention197. Harriet EvansUniversity of Westminster198. Daniel Brown LSE Sociology 199. Oliver KearnsUniversity of Leicester200. Louise MallinderQueen’s University Belfast201. James DickinsUniversity of Leeds202. Mathura UmachandranUniversity of Exeter203. Shikha DilawriLSE204. Angus McNellyUniversity of Greenwich 205. Anneri van Rooyen NWU206. Lebohang Dube Centre for Child Law – University of Pretoria 207. Paul Robert Gilbert University of Sussex 208. Brendan Ciarán BrowneTrinity College Dublin 209. Alicia PooleMcGill University, Department of Sociology 210. Sruti BalaUniversity of Amsterdam 211. Minam pertinRajiv gandhi university rono hills 212. Mohamed Elamin MohamedMuslim Council of Elders213. Camilla SteinMSLU214. Roberto MozzachiodiGoldsmiths College215. James EastwoodQueen Mary University of London216. Dr. Namita WahiCentre for Policy Research 217. Gabriel StephenUniversity of Johannesburg 218. Ana CardosoYork University219. Dr.Maryam Academic university uk220. Nicholas Johnson University of Massachusetts Boston221. Jairo I. Fúnez-FloresTexas Texh University 222. Michael FarquharKing’s College London223. Dr K Thornhill Oxford/LSHTM224. Laurence Butet-RochYork University225. Dr Hawraa Al HassanUniversity of Cambridge226. Katelin MikosUniversity of Michigan 227. Yolanda MtombeniUniversity of the Witwatersrand 228. Aashis JoshiTU Delft229. Timotheus Tap, LL.MInstituut Statera230. Kerry SinananUniversity of Winnipeg 231. Mohammad H ZakerhosseinUniversity of Tehran232. Alicia YaminHarvard University233. Mariam DurraniAmerican University234. Hans Lunshof (PhD)former Associate Professor Administrative and Constitutional Law (UD), University of Utrecht235. Nathan Derejko University of Manitoba 236. Alessandro PertiRoyal Institute of Art 237. Christopher Choong Weng WaiUniversity of Warwick 238. Yvan DeslauriersUniversity of Waterloo239. Vinicius Tavares de OliveiraPUC Minas240. Ulises Garcia FigueroaMemorial University of Newfoundland241. Rahima SiddiqueUniversity of Manchester242. Mouhanad SharabatiIn my personal capacity 243. Anastasiya KotovaLund University244. Noha Bayoumy Abdulazeem Ain Shams University, Egypt245. Ali AliUniversity of Helsinki246. Büşra ÜnerBayreuth International Graduate School of African Studies247. Pierre Cloutier de RepentignyCarleton University248. Robert BoyceLondon School of Economics249. Nadeema MusthanNelson Mandela University 250. Sabrina RewaldKalshoven-Gieskes Forum on International Humanitarian Law, Leiden University251. Mohammed Abu-NimerAmerican university 252. Ruth Castel-BrancoUniversity of the Witwatersrand253. Liam Midzain-Gobin, PhDBrock University254. Jessica MirandaAdvocate255. Hasan Basri BülbülBoğaziçi University, Istanbul256. Irina CericUniversity of Windsor Faculty of Law257. Julie Williams-ReyesUniversity of Oregon 258. Mónica A. Jiménez University of Texas at Austin259. Raz SegalStockton University 260. Sandra LiebenbergStellenbosch University 261. Claire MummeUniversity of Windsor 262. Silvina Sánchez MeraRobert Gordon University263. Dr Cristina Saenz PerezUniversity of Leeds264. Jared Sacks Columbia University 265. Summer Sabry Nile University 266. David Rossati Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 267. Alexander AviñaArizona State University268. Sam JowettOsgoode Law School269. David AlvarezGrand Valley State University270. Esther BritoAmerican University 271. Mehrzi Ilef Tokyo University of Foreign Studies 272. Oskar Keogh University of Cape Town (Michaelis School of Fine Art)273. Laura PipoloDeVerso: Percorso Decoloniale274. Brian KellyQueen’s University Belfast275. Susan Morrissey WyseYork University276. Vanessa FarrHelena Kennedy School of International Law, Sheffield Hallam University 277. FÁBIO VIEIRA HEERDTEscola Superior da Magistratura AJURIS278. Klenti TareFaculty of Natural Sciences – Tirana, Albania.279. Emily JonesNewcastle University280. Lane BenjaminDepartment of Health281. Siobhan WarringtonNewcastle University282. Rachael MalottCarleton University 283. Aine BennettRoyal Holloway, University of London284. Aizuddin Mohamed AnuarKeele University 285. Maria Aristodemou Birkbeck, University of London286. Jonathan RosenheadLondon School of Economics287. Angeles LopezCIESAS Peninsular (Mexico)288. Lucy GehringKing’s College London289. Amina AdananMaynooth University290. Jeroen Gunning King’s College London 291. Juan M. Amaya-CastroUniversidad de los Andes (Colombia)292. Francesca AnsteyAlum of international studies293. Marie KwonEcole normale supérieure, Paris294. Emilio DabedArab American university, Ramallah, Palestine 295. FionaHeriot watt University296. Yassin BrungerQueen’s University Belfast 297. Sarah BrackeUniversity of Amsterdam298. Zoé DuboisUniversité Libre de Bruxelles299. Zein El-AmineAmerican University 300. Garrett Graddy-LovelaceAmerican University School of International Service301. Seyma Boğaziçi University 302. Vasanthi Venkatesh University of Windsor Faculty of Law 303. Tara TaylorSt. Francis Xavier University304. Lynne SegalBirkbeck, University of London305. Tasneem VallyMedical Doctor306. Bozena WelborneSmith College307. Abdullah Nasir Dr Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow308. Elaine McIlwraithWestern University309. Phillipe CopelandBoston University310. Muhammad FaysalBogazici University 311. Ed Béchard TorresLincoln Alexander School of Law312. Christine Schwöbel-PatelUniversity of Warwick313. Graça LeãoEscola Artística de música do conservatório nacional314. V’cenza CireficeUniversity of Galway315. Tracy ValcourtConcordia University 316. Laura Betancur-RestrepoUniversidad de los Andes, Colombia317. Richard LinesSwansea University, UK318. Hasan Basri BülbülBoğaziçi University, Istanbul319. Prabhakar SinghBML Munjal University 320. Mahvish AhmadLondon School of Economics and Political Science321. Malini Ranganathan American University322. Dr Victoria Araj Eleanor Granville Institute, University of Lincoln 323. Sanne van der LugtLeiden Asia Centre324. Keelin BarryIrish Centre for Human Rights, University of Galway325. J. SulemanKing’s College London 326. Carla LeverUniversity of Cape Town327. Dr Devendren ReddyUniversity of Kwa Zulu Natal328. John B WatsonBard College 329. Aggie HirstKing’s College London330. Swati Singh Parmar Dharmashastra National Law University, India331. Andrew WoolfordUniversity of Manitoba332. Dr Rachel IbreckGoldsmiths, University of London333. Shannon FyfeGeorge Mason University334. Ruth MarshallUniversity of Toronto335. Irene CalisAmerican University, Traditional and occupied Piscataway and Nacotchtank territory336. Ronald Grigor SunyThe University Of Michigan, The University Of Chicago337. Paige HosleyOregon health and sciences University338. Pietro Sferrazza Centro de Derechos Humanos, Universidad de Chile339. Alex de WaalWorld Peace Foundation340. Aimen Taimur Tilburg University341. Karyn BallUniversity of Alberta342. Barbara Roggema University of Florence 343. Huseyin DisliThe University of Kent344. Lisa KellyQueen’s University, Faculty of Law345. Andrei Gomez SuarezWinchester’s Centre of Reconciliation and Peace346. Thomas Earl PorterNorth Carolina A&T State University347. John M. CoxUNC Charlotte, Center for Holocaust, Genocide & Human Rights Studies348. Fabia Fernandes CarvalhoAdjunct professor349. Aisling WalshUniversity of Limerick350. EdelUniversity of Galway351. Melissa S. WilliamsUniversity of Toronto352. Rashmi LutherCarleton University 353. Saadat PirzadaUniversity of Kent354. Haim Bresheeth-ZabnerSOAS, London355. Dr Riccardo Vecellio Segate University of Groningen356. Caroline Jagoe Trinity College Dublin357. Yosefa LoshitzkySOAS University of London 358. Ida DanewidUniversity of Sussex359. Dimitris SoudiasUniversity of Groningen360. Rob HowseNYU Law School361. Dimitris SoudiasUniversity of Groningen362. Dr Martin Crook University of the West of England 363. Bernedette Muthien University of Free State 364. Dr Thomas MacManusQueen Mary University of London, School of Law365. Alina SajedMcMaster University366. Ahmed DrwishUniversity of Bristol 367. Neve GordonQueen Mary University of London368. William GalloisUniversity of Exeter369. Cathie Carmichael University of East Anglia370. Irene de CraenErrant Journal371. George YgarzaUniversity of Pennsylvania 372. Olivia MasonNorthumbria University, UK.373. Sarah MagniYork University374. Mo Jaeckelindependent artist researcher375. Eman ShehataLSE376. Omar GrechUniversity of Malta377. Michiel BotTilburg Law School378. AJ LinkHoward University School of Law379. Dónal HassettUniversity College Cork380. Colin SamsonUniversity of Essex381. Ethan Jacobs UCT382. Barry TrachtenbergWake Forest University383. Dina Al-KassimUniversity of British Columbia384. Mahesh MenonUniversity of Punjab 385. Eva PolonskaLondon School of Economics and Political Science386. Ana CardosoYork University387. Dimitris SoudiasUniversity of Groningen388. Victoria SanfordLehman College389. Guneet KaurAcademy of Fine Arts Vienna 390. Danielle Nembhard James Cook University 391. Sidra Niaz Integrative Research Institute Law & Society (LSI), Humboldt University, Berlin392. José Manuel Barreto, PhDCatholic University of Colombia393. Ali MalikDrake University 394. Irene Fernández-MolinaUniversity of Exeter395. Thomas R. BelfieldUniversity of Hawai’i – Manoa396. John BrownWadham College, Oxford397. Joel PearsonHistory Workshop, University of Wits398. Maha AbdallahFaculty of Law, University of Antwerp399. Antonette GouwsUniversity of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 400. Kathy WalkerUniversity of Saskatchewan 401. Ayhan AktarRetired Professor.402. Jordi MartinaliTilburg University403. Tom Pettinger University of Warwick 404. Dr. Wasiq AbassO.P. Jindal Global University405. Ali HammoudiUniversity of Windsor Faculty of Law406. Adham SaouliUniversity of St Andrews407. Bob BrecherUniversity of Brighton, UK408. Lillian RobbGraduate Institute of International and Development Studies409. Richard CallandUniversity of Cape Town410. Dr Andrew DelatollaUniversity of Leeds411. Vincent Wong University of Windsor Faculty of Law412. Joseph HillUniversity of Alberta, Department of Anthropology413. Ekhlas AssaediTaibah University 414. Harshad PathakUniversity of Geneva 415. Fajar Ajie SetiawanKobe University416. Jodi Koberinski University of Waterloo417. Daragh GrantUniversity of Chicago418. Aaron WinterLancaster University 419. Rachel SiederCIESAS, Mexico City420. Ibtisam IbrahimDiplomatic Language and Services421. Tara MannLondon Student Action for Palestine 422. Somia BibiIndependent 423. Dr. Jonida GashiAcademy of Albanian Studies424. Pearl SquiresUCT425. Sean PhelanMassey University 426. Caitlin BiddolphUniversity of Sydney427. Martin ShawUniversity of Sussex 428. Rashmi VarmaUniversity of Warwick 429. Doris BussCarleton University430. Hannah Wilkinson University of Nottingham 431. Dr Monish Bhatia University of York432. Emerson MurrayNorthwestern University433. May DarwichUniversity of Birmingham 434. Gerardo Montes de Oca Academy of fine arts Vienna 435. Frank DealeCUNY LAW SCHOOL436. Simone Varriale Loughborough University 437. Anthony BurkeUNSW438. Jacqui O’RiordanUniversity College Cork439. Chris RossdaleThe University of Bristol440. Samer AlatoutUniversity of Wisconsin. Madison441. Mohamed Adhikari University of Cape Town 442. Sergey VasilievUniversity of Amsterdam 443. Shivani Aberystwyth University 444. Dr. Ashish KumarFaculty of Law, University of Delhi445. Kaltun DualeUniversity of Bristol446. Dr Lisa Amanda PalmerDe Montfort University 447. Umut OzgucMacquarie University 448. Tanzeela KhalidUniversity of Bristol 449. Surinder KaurUniversity of Bristol (UNISON)450. Dr SonnetLaw For Egypt451. Tarik Cyril AmarKoç University452. Tomà BerlandaPolitecnico di Torino, Italy453. Rahul RaoUniversity of St Andrews454. Kiran Kaur GrewalGoldsmiths, University of London455. Viviane SaglierUniversity of St Andrews456. Harsha WaliaAuthor457. Prof. Ruth HallUniversity of the Western Cape458. Bal Sokhi-BulleyUniversity of Sussex 459. Wendy BurgersUniversity of Cape Town460. BeenaIndependent Global Justice Activist461. Carly KrakowLondon School of Economics462. Nadia Ahmad Barry University 463. Niyousha Bastani University of Toronto 464. Vineet ThakurLeiden University465. Haris JamilUniversity of Melbourne466. Filyra Vlastou DimopoulouNational Technical University of Athens467. Dylan AsafoUniversity of Auckland468. Jeff OstlerUniversity of Oregon469. Fatiema Haron-Masoet Imam Haron Foundation 470. Shahab AlbaharUniversity of Virginia 471. Nico Adam BothaEmeritus Prof University of South Africa472. Fatima MehmoodUniversal College Lahore, Pakistan473. Q ManivannanUniversity of St Andrews 474. Khurram Janjua, M.D.KYN Health, LLC475. Nick Caleb Lewis and Clark Law School476. Carlos Bichet Universidad de Panama 477. Liam DavisUniversity of Bristol478. Dr Tiina VaittinenTampere University479. Hannah WilkinsonUniversity of Nottingham480. Ishupal Singh KangJGLS481. Dina MatarSOAS482. Nicolas BoeglinLaw Faculty, University of Costa Rica483. Ayşe Betül KayahanIndependent Media484. Ajay ParasramDalhousie University485. Annina LieberherrUniversity of Oxford486. David CrockettUniversity of Illinois Chicago487. Dr Alice FindenDurham University488. Max LawUniversity of Cape Town489. Claire DebucquoisFonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium490. Dr Tahaney Alghrani Hugh Baird University Centre/UCLAN 491. Michael ChristensenDepartment of Law and Legal Studies, Carleton University492. Charlotte Villiers University of Bristol493. Dr. Felicity GrayAustralian National University494. Dr Fozia Bora University of Leeds495. Alex YatesUniversity of Bath496. Simon Behrman University of Warwick 497. Tanneke HerklotsErasmus MC498. Tom CromptobUniversity of Warwick499.
Ahmed ElbasyounyIndiana University 500. Maria Giannacopoulos University of New South Wales501. PJ HopeLHC Advisory502. Blair RutherfordCarleton University 503. Dr Caroline EdwardsBirkbeck, University of London 504. MadhurimaJawaharlal Nehru University 505. Areej Abuqudairi HTU506. Louise ArimatsuLSE507. Noam PelegUNSW508. Fatma Muge GocekUniversity of Michigan509. Selim BilginKabine Law Office510. Laila fathiHassan II511. Luiza Leite de QueirozVU Amsterdam512. Charlotte Vercraeye Leiden University & Fedasil 513. Jordana SilversteinUniversity of Melbourne514. Hidayat ullah KhanBUITEMS515. Lara KhattabMount Allison University516. Goldie OsuriUniversity of Warwick517. Alame BPCE518. Lena MooreUniversity of Cambridge Department of Sociology519. Pasan JayasingheUniversity College London520. Laura MillsUniversity of St Andrews521. Nella van den Brandt Coventry University, UK522. Sami SerdarIIUM ALUMNI TÜRKİYE CHAPTER523. Samah SelimRutgers University524. Johanna Ray VollhardtClark University525. Brock BahlerUniversity of Pittsburgh526. Dr Julia DehmLa Trobe University 527. Richard McNeil-WillsonLeiden University & Edinburgh University528. Miha MarčenkoEuropean University Institute 529. FatimaPsySSA530. Tathiana Flores-Acuna Expert, IHL/GBV531. Farhana SultanaSyracuse University 532. Zekayi DoğanSazchem533. Karina BarbosaUniversidade Federal Fluminense 534. Robert FlahiveWhitman college 535. J. Mijin ChaUC Santa Cruz536. Ophira GamlielUniversity of Glasgow537. Sneha KrishnanUniversity of Oxford 538. Dr Rizwaan SabirLiverpool John Moores University539. Tendayi AchiumeProfessor of Law, UCLA School of Law540. Christiane WilkeCarleton University, Canada541. Sonya OnwuLondon School of Economics 542. Julian MayUniversity of the Western Cape543. Mekia NedjarOran University544. Bob CantIndependent545. Francesca BerryUniversity of Birmingham 546. Jean d’AspremontSciences Po Law School547. Rebecca Mignot-MahdaviSciences Po Law School 548. Kevin HoffinBirmingham City University 549. Ayesha WijayalathUniversity of New South Wales, Australia 550. Anastasia StouraitiGoldsmiths, University of London551. Jo Drugan Languages and Intercultural Studies, Heriot-Watt University552. Reem Abou-El-FadlSOAS University of London553. Jared AhmadUniversity of Sheffield 554. Yasmin Gunaratnam king’s college London 555. Kanad Bagchi University of Amsterdam 556. Frann MichelWillamette University557. Mubbashir RizviAmerican University 558. Saajidha SaderUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa559. Charlotte MertensUniversity of Melbourne560. Helga BaumgartenBirzeit University561. Sanghyuk ShinUniversity of California Irvine562. Lauren Bradford-ClarkeUniversity of Nottingham563. Helen ScanlonUniversity of Cape Town564. Taha Laroussi Tanit565. Tazreena SajjadAmerican University566. Rayaanah SavahlUCT567. Natasha IskanderNew York University568. Ann CurthoysAustralian National University 569. Yohai Hakak Brunel University London 570. Maud Anne Bracke University of Glasgow 571. Katarina PijetlovicCatolica Global School of Law 572. Zameer Begum Marie Curie 573. Richard HallDe Montfort University574. Brendon Bin Salleh573. Yung En CheeThe University of Melbourne574. Dr Martin MyersUniversity of Nottingham 575. Sarah RomanoLesley University576. Professor Amanda WiseMacquarie University577. Sohela KapdiThe University of Cape Town578. Maya MikdashiRutgers University579. Liz AblettNewcastle University580. Hela Yousfi Dauphine University 581. Estella CarpiUniversity College London 582. Nikos BozatzisNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens 583. Christie Haddad King’s College London 584. John Docker The University of Sydney 585. Lucas ScheelThe University of Adelaide586. Rebecca Laycock PedersenLund University587. Katy Brown Maynooth University588. Sharri PlonskiQueen Mary University of London589. Joshua CastellinoMinority Rights Group International & University of Derby, UK590. Assaf KfouryBoston University591. Coralie Pison Hindawi PRISME- Salam project /Université Catholique de Lyon, France592. Armand AzraLondon School of Economics and Political Science593. Tatiana Carpi594. Nesreen HusseinMiddlesex University595. V Spike PetersonUniversity of Arizona, USA596. Anaïs Duong-PedicaÅbo Akademi University597. Dania.ThomasUniversity of Glasgow598. Chiara MaritatoUniversity of Turin599. Dr Lambros FatsisCity, University of London600. Steve BreymanRetired 601. Anaheed Al-HardanHoward University602. Julia Willén Division of Migration, Ethnicity and Society, Linköping University603. Mariam Al-Hussona King’s College London 604. Nihan Albayrak-AydemirBoğaziçi University605. Malcolm JorgensenMax Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law606. Valentina BaúWestern Sydney University, Australia607. Jessie DanielsHunter College and The Graduate Center, CUNY608. Richard JacksonThe University of Otago, New Zealand609. Jonathan JennerUniversity of Manitoba610. Terri FriedlineUniversity of Michigan, School of Social Work611. Sirma BilgeSociology, Universite de Montreal612. Heba GowayedCUNY613. Jessica MouliteHoward University614. Amy StreckerUCD Sutherland School of Law615. Baris Cayli MessinaUniversity of Lincoln 616. Fay FaradayOsgoode Hall Law School, York University 617. Samia BanoSOAS University of London 618. Alex HannaDistributed AI Research Institute619. Francesco Correale CNRS – UMR 7324 CITERES 620. Alana LentinWestern Sydney University 621. Syed Nadeem Farhat Research Fellow 622. Lana Tatour University of New South Wales 623. Christopher PeysPepperdine University624. DanielUniversity of Queensland625. Maddison WellsHoward University626. Dr Lara PalomboMacquarie University627. Laurie AdkinUniversity of Alberta628. Robert ClinesWestern Carolina University 629. Anders HardigAmerican University 630. RohanUniversity of Oxford631. Johnny E. Williams Trinity College 632. Tom Western UCL633. Chloe SeayUniversity of Texas at Arlington 634. Dr Dyuti ChakravartyUniversity College Cork, Ireland635. Dr Aidan HehirUniversity of Westminster 636. Julián Castro-ReaUniversity of Alberta, Canada637. Jânia Maria Lopes SaldanhaUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos638. Carolyn D’CruzLa Trobe University639. Taner AkçamArmenian Genocide Research Program within PAI at UCLA640. Robina Iqbal Keele University 641. Rebecca Ruth GouldSchool of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London642. Zareena GrewalYale643. Mariam Zaqout University College London644. Teresa PiacentiniUniversity of Glasgow 645. Mohammad Shahabuddin University of Birmingham 646. Mairead Enright University of Birmingham 647. Ghazala MirUniversity of Leeds648. KymUniversity of Suffolk 649. Sharon Lambert University College Cork Ireland 650. Kerwin KayeWesleyan University651. Robert G. HermanPrinceton University652. Sanaa AlimiaAga Khan University, Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations653. Barbara J. WienAmerican University654. José Elías Turizo Vanegas Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)655. Paul GovindMacquarie University 656. Nancy ShihadehRutgers University 657. Luigi DanieleNottingham Law School (NTU)658. Zoha WaseemUniversity of Warwick659. Scott TimckeUniversity of Johannesburg660. Tom MuddUniversity of Edinburgh661. Dr Andrew ThomasDeakin University 662. James CavallaroYale Jackson School of Global Affairs 663. Raihan IsmailUniversity of Oxford664. Juliana Poveda ClavijoUlster University 665. Siobhán AireyErasmus University666. Jessica WhyteUniversity of New South Wales 667. Aurelien Mondon University of Bath 668. Ayanna DozierUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst669. Sara DehmUniversity of Technology Sydney 670. Geoffre R. Martin, Ph.D.Mount Allison University671. Chu Cong MinhUSTH672. Nada SalemKing Abdulaziz University 673. Ibtehal HussainUniversity of Westminster674. Sinead D’SilvaUniversity of Leeds675. Meghna MohandasUniversity of British Columbia676. Clare PattonUniversity of Leeds 677. Thomas MaroisMcMaster University678. Eka Nugraha PutraO.P. Jindal Global University679. Laura Piaggio Asociación Argentina de Salud Pública 680. Sujith XavierFaculty of Law, University of Windsor681. Saranga UgalmugleUniversity of Windsor, Faculty of Law682. Lisa Wedeen The University of Chicago 683. Souheir EdelbiWestern Sydney University684. Saba FatimaUniversity of Hull685. Marim Abdel KaderUniversity of Toronto 686. Courtney HallinkUniversity of Cambridge 687. Kathryn GreenmanUniversity of Technology Sydney688. Paul BraceRetired Ontario lawyer689. Ronald Eberhard TundangPeta Kebijakan690. Fathiyyah MaryufaniUniversitas Pendidikan Indonesia691. Ben SilversteinAustralian National University 692. Edel HughesUniversity of Galway693. Yoke Sum WongAUArts694. Derek SayerUniversity of Alberta695. Saida Hodzic Cornell University 696. Freya Higgins-DesbiollesFlinders University International Relations 697. Joy White University of Bedfordshire 698. KZA ParkerIndependent scholar699. Jeena ShahCUNY School of Law700. Fadiah Nadwa FikriNational University of Singapore701. Clodagh Dunne University College Dublin 702. Daniel R. Quiroga-VillamarínGeneva Graduate Institute703. Idham BadruzamanUniversitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta704. Isti Toq’ah PANDAI (Indonesia’s Peace Education) Community 705. Anthony J LangloisCurtin University706. Madison Ambrose Hall University of Montana707. Marina Calculli Leiden University and Columbia University 708. Roos CreyghtonLSE, University of Amsterdam709. Dr. Ahmad Farouk MusaIslamic Renaissance Front710. Sujatha FernandesUniversity of Sydney711. National Science and Technology Forum, South Africa712. Emily Kidd WhiteOsgoode Hall Law School713. Ehab Alalfey714. Subramani ManiMedical College, Trivandrum, India715. Danish Zaki IIT kharagpur716. Nadim RouhanaTufts University717. Makere Stewart-HarawiraUniversity of Alberta718. Nastassia RambarranUniversity of Glasgow719. Dr. Sabreena Ghaffar-SiddiquiSheridan College720. Maha AliLeiden University 721. Fajri Matahati MuhammadinUniversitas Gadjah Mada722. Chaumtoli HuqCUNY School of Law 723. Qowiyy Olalekan Badmus Islamic University of Madinah 724. James GodfreyUniversity of Canberra725. Oishik SircarJindal Global Law School726. Saumya DadooColumbia University727. Mohamed IbrahimThe University of British Columbia 728. Ali MumbachHoward University729. Ronald Eberhard TundangChinese University of Hong Kong730. Vijay kachru University of Saskatchewan 731. Priyamvada GopalUniversity of Cambridge732. Rashmi SinghPUC Minas 733. Alberto GomesDEEP Network734. Khaled ElgindyGeorgetown University735. Cynthia FebrinaBinawan University736. Susan MorrisseyUniversity of California, Irvine737. Dr. Muhanad SeloomDoha Institute for Graduate Studies 738. Silvia Luz González Márquez International Christian University 739. Kristin BurnettLakehead University740. Joshua MakalintalUniversity of Innsbruck741. Md Tabish EqbalJamia Hamdard, New Delhi742. Victor ToscanoIndependent Researcher743. Aysha ShafiqPhD IHEID, Geneve744. Ambreen AghaO.P. Jindal Global University745. Laura Nkula-WenzAfrican Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town 746. Rabea KhanLiverpool John Moores University 747. Aqsa Agha SRM University AP748. Arshad Saeed KhanQuaid I Azam University Islamabad749. Simone RoweThe University of New South Wales, Australia750. Saiful KhanUniversity of Oxford 751. Sara GhebremusseUniversity of Western Ontario, Faculty of Law752. Adil Hasan Khan Melbourne Law School 753. Myriam Houssay-HolzschuchUniversity Grenoble Alpes754. Ayesha OmarSOAS/Wits University755. Salbiah AhmadUN756. Saatchi SInternational Lawyer757. Mary McAuliffe University College Dublin758. Shantanu SahsOP Jindal Global Universitu759. Ilze Fourie University of Cape Town 760. Jinan BastakiNew York University, Abu Dhabi761. CarinHva762. Nadera Shalhoub-KevorkianQueen Mary University of London763. Sanele SibandaUniversity of Pretoria 764. Basma Abdelgafar Maqasid Institute765. Sari ArrafKing’s College London 766. Nurina AllyCentre for Law and Society, University of Cape Town767. Mohamed Seedat University of South Africa768. Janette KotivirtaIIT Kharagpur769. Nora SalemGerman University in Cairo770. Catherine NolinUniversity of Northern British Columbia771. Alison PhippsNewcastle University, UK772. Fabio Andres Diaz PabonAfrican Centre of Excellence for Inequality Research (ACEIR) – UCT773. Anton David schoonUniversity of Helsinki774. Ryan WardOxford University Law Society775. Sarojini NadarUniversity of the Western Cape776. Michelle PaceRoskilde University777. Adel FouadAin Shams University778. Margot TudorCity, University of London779. James SmithUniversity College London780. Meeri Tiensuu South African Revenue Service781. NcikoGeneva Graduate Institute 782. Tom CritcheyGoldsmiths University, London783. Mohan Dutta CARE, Massey University 784. Toh Swee-Hin (S.H.Toh)University of Alberta785. Andreas PapamichailQueen Mary University of London786. Toh Swee-Hin (S.H.Toh)University of Alberta787. Martin Schwab, Ph.D.3×3 Global Drills789. Sara Elizabeth DillAnethum Global790. Hyo Yoon KangUniversity of Warwick791. Dr. Paul MepschenUniversity College Utrecht792. Arrey Collins International Human Rights Commission-Cameroon793. Charles HarbDoha Institute for Graduate Studies794. Asim QureshiCAGE795. Işıl AralKoç University796. SonaliIndependent scholar 797. Ilaria TucciTampere Peace Research Institute, Tampere University, Finland798. Michael AlbertUniversity of Edinburgh799. Ahmed HammadThe British University in Egypt800. Katie Cruz University of Bristol801. Fleur van Leeuwen Boğaziçi University 802. Hanna KienzlerKing’s College London803. Catherine OwenUniversity of Exeter804. Frida StranneUniversity of Halmstad805. TomasoFerrando806. Jansie Niehaus MurcottTampere University, Tampere Peace Research Institute 807. Johan LindalLinköping University808. Mansi Kashatria Linköping University, Sweden 809. Lenny AppadooIn personal capacity810. Heba TariqAASMT811. Lisa Karlsson Blom Linköping university, Sweden 812. Maryam Aldossari Royal Holloway University of London 813. David Birchall London South Bank University 814. Sara ChaudhryBirkbeck, University of London815. Alex AfouxenidisNational Centre for Social Research, Athens Greece816. Khuloud Al-JamalKing’s College London817. Agata LisiakBard College Berlin818. Joanna KidmanVictoria University of Wellington819. Jonathan KlaarenUniversity of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg820. Hanan ToukanBard College Berlin821. Meg LuxtonYork University822. Roberto FilippelloUniversity of Amsterdam823. Léa GudelEHESS824. Sabah BoufkhedUniversity of Manchester825. Tanvee NandanOPJGU/ UniMelb826. Kamel Barkaoui CNAM, France 827. Sarah WalkerUniversity of Bologna828. Jan SändigUniversity of Bayreuth829. Victoria Canning Lancaster University 830. Paola Rivetti Dublin City University 831. Francesca Romana AmmaturoLondon Metropolitan University832. Ju HuntUniversity of Cape Town833. Mohamed BadarNorthumbria University834. Flora YousefUniversity Paris VIII835. Jordanna MatlonAmerican University, School of International Service836. Héloïse PeaucelleAix-Marseille Université837. Christelle RabierEHESS 838. Julia CareyJules Carey Ltd839. Claerwen O’HaraLa Trobe Law School, La Trobe University840. Nick CaddickAnglia Ruskin University841. AmanJindal Global Law School842. Amit KumarIITK843. School of LawSchool of Law, University of Essex844. Talal AsadDistinguished Professor (Emeritus), City University of New York845. Francesca MeloniKing’s college London846. Anna LodesertoCa’ Foscari University Venice • Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia847. Otilla MaunganidzeInstitute for Security Studies848. Laleh KhaliliUniversity of Exeter849. Manuela CiottiUniversity of Vienna850. André NunesMaastricht University851. Nicola PrattUniversity of Warwick852. LouiseParis-Cité (LCSP/CEDREF) 853. Toni Haastrup University of Manchester 854. Annapurna MenonUniversity of Sheffield855. Vjosa MusliuVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)856. Mridula Manglam University of Allahabad 857. Sladjana LazicUniversity of Innsbruck858. Elyse SemerdjianClark University859. Tom KempUniversity of Nottingham 860. Doerthe RosenowKing’s College London861. Jemima RepoNewcastle University862. Dr Amy Cortvriend Loughborough University 863. Tariq DanaDoha Institute for Graduate Studies 864. Brigitte Hamman865. Sara PapariniQueen Mary University of London866. John SebastianUniversity of Melbourne 867. Colin Murray Newcastle University 868. Ahmed EzzatSOAS, University of London869. Yusuf MotaraRhodes University870. NiravSabarmati University 871. Laurel Baldwin-RagavenUniversity of the Witwatersrand872. Devanshi SaxenaFaculty of Law, University of Antwerp873. Giuliana RaccoYork University874. Farah RasmiGraduate Institute of Geneva875. Dr Ornette D Clennon MaCTRI 876. Lioba A HirschUniversity of Edinburgh 877. Nancy TamimiKing’s College London 878. Kirsten AinleyAustralian National University 879. Miri DavidsonUniversity of Warwick880. Nafay ChoudhuryLondon School of Economics and Political Science881. Rabia Ermiş Yeşil Turkish goverment882. Dr Joanne N Smith FinleyNewcastle University883. Farhana RahmanUniversity of Cambridge884. Nicola PalmerKing’s College London885. Enrique Prieto-RiosUniversidad del Rosario886. Donald SassoonQueen Mary University of London887. Dipali A Fletcher School, Tufts888. Milli LakeLSE889. Asst. Prof. Dr. Anwar KomaPrince of Songkla University 890. Louiza OdysseosUniversity of Sussex891. Anna Ardin Marie Cederschiöld university892. Claudia SabaBlanquerna School of Communication and International Relations893. Inés Bolaños Somoano European University Institute 894. Sita VenkateswarMassey University895. Elliot C. MasonUppsala University896. Maria WallstamInstitute for Urban and Housing Research, Uppsala University 897. FIroz CachaliaMandela Institute, Wits University898. Prof Meena DhandaUniversity of Wolverhampton 899. Kamya Vishwanath Independent 900. Kurt MillsUniversity of St. Andrews901. Fanny ArnulfULB902. ClifLBVC903. Rana RefahiLawyer904. FaridaDibeen 905. Omar Jabary SalamancaREPI, Université libre de Bruxelles906. Zaharom NainUniversity of Nottingham in Malaysia907. Mayssoun SukariehKCL908. Hanno BrankampDurham University, UK909. Karthik KPoshane910. Alice BayinganaUniversity of Sydney911. Camelia DewanUppsala University 912. Judy ThorneUniversity of Manchester913. Rezarta BilaliNew York University 914. Dr Alex PrichardUniversity of Exeter915. Nyssa MirzaPlan International916. Leila FarsakhUniversity of Massachusetts Boston 917. Saima Noewwnde montfort university918. Sindy JoyceUniversity of Limerick919. Ivan ČavdarevićOxford Brookes University920. Rana KhazbakKing’s College London921. Natasa MavronicolaUniversity of Birmingham922. Atalia OmerThe University of Notre w923. Rachel SeoigheUniversity of Kent924. Kathryn Medien The Open University 925. Daniela NadjSt. Mary’s University926. Hadje Cresencio SadjeActivist and Freelancer 927. Itziar Ruiz_-Gimenez Arrieta Group of African an international Studies University Autonomous of Madrud 928. Rachel KilleanUniversity of Sydney929. Patrick BresnihanMaynooth University930. Sumaiyah KholwadiaUniversity of Birmingham931. Thomas FrancisSOAS University of London932. Muireann O’DwyerUniversity of St Andrews933. Beatrice CanossiIrish Centre for Human Rights – University of Galway 934. Kingsley OmonUniversity of Salford935. Reinhard Huss MD MPHUBI Lab Leeds936. Florence Waller – CarrLondon School of Economics and Political Science937. Hoda HosseinyLund University938. Sonia Jemmotte939. James BeirneMaynooth University940. Haris ZargarErasmus University Rotterdam941. Charles Christopher WeisbeckerStockton University942. Franco GaldiniThe University of Manchester943. Zoe TongueUniversity of Leeds944. Tomas DraytonUniversity of Bath945. Stacey MortimerUniversity of Guelph946. Ioannis KampourakisErasmus University Rotterdam947. Dr. Lena El MalakIndependent948. Imen El AmouriTilburg Law School, Tilburg University949. Sophie DohertyThe Open University 950. Salomé IetterUniversity of Warwick 951. Luis EslavaLa Trobe University952. Shahab SaqibUniversity of Leicester 953. Luca Miranda Terenzi PUC Minas954. Yassin al-Haj Salehaljumhuriya.net955. Eimear Ní MhaoldomhnaighUniversity College Cork956. Yusuf Ahmed Osman ShegowManchester School of Architecture957. Farnaz Dezfouli AslUniversity of Gießen 958. Zinaida MillerNortheastern University 959. Laura PiacentiniUniversity of Strathclyde960. Yasmin DualehUniversity of Cambridge 961. Dr. Sandra DuffyUniversity of Bristol962. Manne MartenssonMalmö university 963. Faiza RahmanUniversity of Melbourne964. Lauren WilcoxUniversity of Cambridge965. Camilla Marucco Al-MimarMigration Institute of Finland966. Sanela BašićUniversity of Sarajevo967. Madina ThiamNew York University 968. Fida AdelyGeorgetown University 969. Sahiba La Trobe University 970. Francesco VacchianoUniversity Ca’ Foscari, Venice971. Sana Ouechtati CARTHAGE UNIVERSITY972. Richard MoodyGlobal Life Industries973. FardanGovernment post graduate college 974. Tazreena SajjadAmerican University 975. Marie RuyffelaereULB976. Matt MahmoudiUniversity of Cambridge977. Ruveyda GozenLondon School of Economics978. Anna MeierUniversity of Nottingham979. Laurence DavisUniversity College Cork980. Professor Curtis F.J. DoebblerUniversity of Makeni (Sierra Leone)981. Amal OummihOLG982. Daniel SteinOP Jindal Global University983. Md Abdul Gaffar DM University 984. Natalie PorterKeele University985. Richard ClementsTilburg Law School986. DionysiaUniversity of Ioannina 987. George O’TooleUniversity of Cape Town988. Kevin McParlandDepartment of Humanities, Dundalk Institute of Technology989. Helena SheehanDublin City University990. Ahuvia KahaneTrinity College Dublin991. Arpeeta Shams Mizan University of Dhaka/ University of Bristol Law School 992. Kevin HeartyQUB993. Niall SheilMaynooth University994. Kathryn UCC995. Julia Teixeira Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais996. Rassela MalindaIndependent997. Khaled FahmyTufts University998. Atalia OmerThe University of Notre Dame 999. Hoda HosseinyLund University1000. Professor Eoin Devereux University of Limerick 1001. Patrizia ZanelliCa’ Foscari University of Venice1002. Dianne KirbyBlackfriars Hall, Oxford1003. Sherene RazackUniversity of California at Los Angeles 1004. Dr Omar ShawkatalyUniversiti Sains Malaysia1005. DR MAZLAN BIN CHE SOH UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA 1006. David ClinchRoyal College of Physicians of Ireland1007. Fauzilah SallehUniversiti Sultan Zainal Abidin1008. Féilim Ó hAdhmaillUniversity College Cork, UCC1009. Cole SwansonHumber College1010. Fouad MoughrabiUniversity of Tennessee at Chattanooga1011. Teodora TodorovaUniversity of Warwick1012. Gökbörü Sarp Tanyildiz Brock University, Canada1013. Nuarrual Hilal Md Dahlan Universiti Utara Malaysia 1014. Rory RowanTrinity College Dublin 1015. Nimi HoffmannUniversity of Sussex1016. Hasni HassanUniversiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)1017. Mohammad Hassan El nabihPalestinane1018. Koni BensonDept of Historical Studies, University of Western Cape, South Africa1019. Heidi Grunebaum University of the Western Cape 1020. Ayesah Uy AbubakarAlbukhary International Univesity1021. Wasim S M QADI University kebanngsan Malaysia 1022. Fiammetta BonfigliUniversity of Vienna1023. Ahmad HamarshaPlease help us, im doing my PhD please don’t destroy my future 1024. Dr Sajida AllyUniversity of Sussex 1025. Osaid N A Abdaljawwad Albukhary International University 1026. Rami NassarUSIM/ Malaysia 1027. Diana Merlynn EdelsteinWits1028. Mel CousinsTCD1029. Nicky Falkof University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa1030. Clare CoultasKing’s College London1031. Samihah binti Khalil @ HalimUniversiti Utara Malaysia1032. Niamh RooneyMaynooth University, Ireland1033. Dr Lucy MichaelIndependent researcher1034. Melanie Ferreira University of London 1035. NancyLSE1036. Anam SoomroLawyer, Karachi, Pakistan 1037. Dr David WearingUniversity of Sussex1038. Margot FrancisBrock University1039. Clare BellTU Dublin1040. John DuncanSchool of Advanced Study1041. Mustaffa OmarAlbukhary International University 1042. Motlatsi Khosi Unisa 1043. Felícia CamposUniversity of Edinburgh 1044. Rachel SolnickAberystwyth university1045. Chiara BonfiglioliCa’ Foscari University of Venice1046. Maria GashiHøyskolen i Innlandet 1047. Chelsey CarterYale University 1048. Sinéad MurphyGriffith College 1049. Rezarta BilaliNew York University 1050. Rosa MaryonUWE Bristol1051. NGO Sheau ShiUniversiti Sains Malaysia1052. Christine BinzelFAU Erlangen-Nürnberg1053. Vasuki NesiahMagdalene College, Cambridge University1054. Lara Montesinos ColemanUniversity of Sussex1055. Lisa McLeanKing’s University College1056. Dina M. SiddiqiNew York University1057. Rania MuharebIrish Centre for Human Rights, School of Law, University of Galway1058. Elsa TsioumaniUniversity of Trento1059. Marjana JohanssonUniversity of Glasgow 1060. Derek VerbakelYork University 1061. Emny NsaifPUC Minas1062. Usha NatarajanYale Law School1063. Khaoula BengeziYork University1064. José Henríquez LeivaUniversity of Galway, Ireland1065. Piergiuseppe ParisiUniversity of York1066. Yolande BoukaQueen’s University1067. Reuben Mekenye California State University, San Marcos (retired Associate Professor)1068. Jamila J. GhaddarDalhousie University1069. LoubnaÉNAP1070. Gyunghee ParkWestchester Community College1071. Lethuxolo NkosiUniversity of South Africa1072. Shifana NiyasTrinity College Dublin1073. Mariam GeorgisSimon Fraser University 1074. Catherine CoquioUniversity Paris Cité1075. Zora The Geneva Graduate Institute 1076. COLE de VILLIERSStellenbosch University1077. Saoussen Knani Faculté des sciences juridiques 1078. Rim Lahmandi Ayed Université de carthage Tunisia 1079. Rae JerezaAmerican University1080. Paul Szejner Natural resources institute Finland1081. Seli Kutameuniversity of cape town1082. Dr Aine Gormley GallagherUlster University1083. Perpetua AdarUniversity of Warwick 1084. Italo BrandimarteUniversity of Cambridge1085. Mahmoud PatelUniversity of Western Cape (UWC)1086. Faisal KuttyRutgers University Center for Race, Rights &Security1087. Ammar NasifPTUK1088. David Vine American University 1089. Priyanka NaidooThe Green Connection1090. Dimitri Van Den MeersscheQueen Mary University of London
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Public Statement: Scholars Warn of Potential Genocide in Gaza
On 15 October 2023, over 800 scholars and practitioners of international law, conflict studies and genocide studies signed a public statement warning of the possibility of genocide being perpetrated by Israeli forces against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. Signatories include prominent Holocaust and genocide studies scholars, as well as many international law and TWAIL scholars. The text of the statement and list of signatures (updated on 20 October 2023) is below, and a pdf version can be accessed here.
Public Statement: Scholars Warn of Potential Genocide in Gaza
15 October 2023
As scholars and practitioners of international law, conflict studies and genocide studies, we are compelled to sound the alarm about the possibility of the crime of genocide being perpetrated by Israeli forces against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. We do not do so lightly, recognising the weight of this crime, but the gravity of the current situation demands it.
The pre-existing conditions in the Gaza Strip had already prompted discussions of genocide prior to the current escalation – such as by the National Lawyers Guild in 2014, the Russell Tribunal on Palestine in 2014, and the Center for Constitutional Rights in 2016. Scholars have warned over the years that the siege of Gaza may amount to a “prelude to genocide” or a “slow-motion genocide”. The prevalence of racist and dehumanising language and hate speech in social media was also noted in a warning issued in July 2014 by the UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide and Special Adviser on the Responsibility to Protect, in response to Israel’s conduct against the protected Palestinian population. The Special Advisers noted that individual Israelis had disseminated messages that could be dehumanising to the Palestinians and that had called for the killing of members of this group, and reiterated that incitement to commit atrocity crimes is prohibited under international law.
Israel’s current military offensive on the Gaza Strip since 7 October 2023, however, is unprecedented in scale and severity, and consequently in its ramifications for the population of Gaza. Following the incursion by Palestinian armed groups on 7 October 2023, including criminal attacks against Israeli civilians, the Gaza Strip has been subjected to incessant and indiscriminate bombardment by Israeli forces. Between 7 October and 9:00 a.m. on 15 October, there have been 2,329 Palestinians killed and 9,042 Palestinians injured in Israeli attacks on Gaza, including over 724 children, huge swathes of neighbourhoods and entire families across Gaza have been obliterated. Israel’s Defence Minister ordered a “complete siege” of the Gaza Strip prohibiting the supply of fuel, electricity, water and other essential necessities. This terminology itself indicates an intensification of an already illegal, potentially genocidal siege to an outright destructive assault.
Late on 12 October, the Israeli authorities issued an order for more than 1.1million Palestinians in Gaza City and the northern Gaza Strip to leave their homes and flee to the south of Gaza within 24 hours, knowing that this would be practically impossible for many. Palestinians who did start to evacuate south reported that civilians and ambulances were targeted and hit by Israeli airstrikes on the designated “safe route”, killing at least 70 Palestinians who were fleeing to seek refuge. The ICRC stated that “the evacuation orders, coupled with the complete siege” are incompatible with international humanitarian law. Almost half a million Palestinians have already been displaced, and Israeli forces have bombed the only possible exit route that Israel does not control, the Rafah crossing to Egypt multiple times. The World Health Organisation published a warning that “[f]orcing more than 2000 patients to relocate to southern Gaza, where health facilities are already running at maximum capacity and unable to absorb a dramatic rise in the number patients, could be tantamount to a death sentence”.
There has also been an escalation of violence, arrests, expulsions, and destruction of whole Palestinian communities in the occupied West Bank and Jerusalem. Since 7 October, Israeli settlers, with the backing of the army and police, have attacked and shot Palestinian civilians at point blank range (as documented in the villages of a-Tuwani and Qusra), have invaded their homes and assaulted residents. A number of Palestinian communities have already been forced to abandon their homes, after which settlers arrived and destroyed their property. Between 7 – 15 October, Al-Haq documented the killing by Israeli military and settlers of 55 Palestinians in the West Bank, and more the injury of 1,200 Palestinians there.
Statements of Israeli officials since 7 October 2023 suggest that beyond the killings and restriction of basic conditions for life perpetrated against Palestinians in Gaza, there are also indications that the ongoing and imminent Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip are being conducted with potentially genocidal intent. Language used by Israeli political and military figures appears to reproduce rhetoric and tropes associated with genocide and incitement to genocide. Dehumanising descriptions of Palestinians have been prevalent. Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant declared on 9 October that “we are fighting human animals and we act accordingly”. He subsequently announced that Israel was moving to “a full-scale response” and that he had “removed every restriction” on Israeli forces, as well as stating: “Gaza won’t return to what it was before. We will eliminate everything.” On 10 October, the head of the Israeli army’s Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT), Maj. Gen. Ghassan Alian, addressed a message directly to Gaza residents: “Human animals must be treated as such. There will be no electricity and no water, there will only be destruction. You wanted hell, you will get hell”. The same day, Israeli army spokesperson Daniel Hagari acknowledged the wanton and intentionally destructive nature of Israel’s bombing campaign in Gaza: “The emphasis is on damage and not on accuracy.”
Since 2007, Israel has defined the Gaza Strip as a whole as an “enemy entity”. On 7 October, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that Gazans would pay an “immense price” for the actions of Hamas fighters. He asserted that Israel will wage a prolonged offensive and will turn parts of Gaza’s densely populated urban centres “into rubble”. Israel’s President emphasised that the Israeli authorities view the entire Palestinian population of Gaza as responsible for the actions of militant groups, and subject accordingly to collective punishment and unrestricted use of force: “It is an entire nation out there that is responsible. It is not true this rhetoric about civilians not being aware, not involved. It’s absolutely not true”. Israeli Minister of Energy and Infrastructure Israel Katz added: “All the civilian population in Gaza is ordered to leave immediately. We will win. They will not receive a drop of water or a single battery until they leave the world.”
Evidence of incitement to genocide has also been present in Israeli public discourse. This ranges from statements by elected officials – such as Knesset member Ariel Kallner’s call on 7 October for “one goal: Nakba! [catastrophe for Palestinians] A Nakba that will overshadow the Nakba of 1948” – to public banners displayed in Israeli cities calling for a “victory” signified by “zero population in Gaza” and the “annihilation of Gaza”. On national television, security correspondent Alon Ben David relayed the Israeli military’s plan to destroy Gaza City, Jabaliyya, Beit Lahiya, and Beit Hanun. Such statements are not new and resonate with a wider Israeli discourse showcasing the intent for elimination and genocide against the Palestinian people. Earlier in the year, for example, Israeli Minister of Finance Bezalel Smotrich called Palestinians “repugnant”, “disgusting” and called for “wiping out” the entire Palestinian village of Huwwara in the West Bank.
On 12 October 2023, a group of UN Special Rapporteurs’ condemned “Israel’s indiscriminate military attacks against the already exhausted Palestinian people of Gaza, comprising over 2.3 million people, nearly half of whom are children. They have lived under unlawful blockade for 16 years, and already gone through five major brutal wars, which remain unaccounted for”. The UN experts warned against “the withholding of essential supplies such as food, water, electricity and medicines. Such actions will precipitate a severe humanitarian crisis in Gaza, where its population is now at inescapable risk of starvation. Intentional starvation is a crime against humanity”. On 14 October 2023, the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the occupied Palestinian territory warnedagainst “a repeat of the 1948 Nakba, and the 1967 Naksa, yet on a larger scale” as Israel carries out “mass ethnic cleansing of Palestinians under the fog of war”.
The Palestinian people constitute a national group for the purposes of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (the Genocide Convention). The Palestinians of the Gaza Strip constitute a substantial proportion of the Palestinian nation, and are being targeted by Israel because they are Palestinian. The Palestinian population of Gaza appears to be presently subjected by the Israeli forces and authorities to widespread killing, bodily and mental harm, and unviable conditions of life – against a backdrop of Israeli statements which evidence signs of intent to physically destroy the population.
Article II of the Genocide Convention provides that “genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
- (a) Killing members of the group;
- (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
- (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
- (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
- (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.”
All states are bound as a matter of law by the principle that genocide is a crime prohibited under international law. The International Court of Justice has affirmed that the prohibition of genocide is a peremptory norm of international law from which no derogation is allowed. The Convention provides that individuals who attempt genocide or who incite to genocide “shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals”.
Article I of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide provides that: “The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish”. The International Court of Justice has clarified that “a State’s obligation to prevent, and the corresponding duty to act, arise at the instant that the State learns of, or should normally have learned of, the existence of a serious risk that genocide will be committed. From that moment onwards, if the State has available to it means likely to have a deterrent effect on those suspected of preparing genocide, or reasonably suspected of harbouring specific intent (dolus specialis), it is under a duty to make such use of these means as the circumstances permit”.
Palestinian human rights organisations, Jewish civil society groups, Holocaust and genocide studies scholars and others have by now warned of an imminent genocide against the Palestinian population in Gaza. We emphasise the existence of a serious risk of genocide being committed in the Gaza Strip.
The undersigned urgently appeal to states to take concrete and meaningful steps to individually and collectively prevent genocidal acts, in line with their legal duty to prevent the crime of genocide. They must protect the Palestinian population, and ensure that Israel refrains from any further incitement to genocide and from the perpetration of conduct prohibited by Article II of the Genocide Convention.
All states should immediately act under Article VIII, and should call upon the competent organs of the United Nations, particularly the UN General Assembly, to take urgent action under the Charter of the United Nations appropriate for the prevention and suppression of acts of genocide. We note specifically the role of the General Assembly here, given that the Security Council is compromised by the United States and the United Kingdom (both permanent veto-holding members) sending military forces to the eastern Mediterranean in support of Israel.
We recall that in 1982, the General Assembly condemned the massacre of Palestinian civilians in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps as “an act of genocide”. We note also that the state of Palestine is entitled to initiate, in accordance with Article IX of the Genocide Convention, proceedings before the International Court of Justice in order to prevent the perpetration of genocidal acts.
Finally, we call on all relevant UN bodies, including the Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect, as well as the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court to immediately intervene, to carry out the necessary investigations and invoke the necessary warning procedures to protect the Palestinian population from genocide.
Signatories:
Aanchal Saraf, Dartmouth CollegeAaron Seymour, Lecturer, University of Technology SydneyAasiya Lodhi, Senior Lecturer, University of Westminster.Abdelghany Sayed, Assistant Lecturer, PhD Candidate, Kent Law School. Abdullah Omran, PhD student, Indiana University Abigail Balbale, New York UniversityAdalmir Marquetti, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS).Adam Elliott-Cooper, Lecturer, School of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of LondonAdil Hasan Khan, Melbourne Law SchoolAdrian Carrillo Gomez, PhD student, Deusto University.Afshin Matin-Asgari, Professor of Middle East history, California State University, Los Angeles Ahmad Al-Dissi, Professor, University of SaskatchewanAhmad Fouad, Lecturer of Law, the British University in EgyptAhmad Khaled, PhD, Assistant Professor of Public Law, Birzeit University.Ahmad Mustafa, Ph.D. student at the University of Kansas Ahmed Abofoul, International Lawyer, Legal Researcher and Advocacy Officer at Al-Haq OrganisationAhmed Selim, PhD Student, University of ChicagoAhmet Ferhat Baran, PhD Student, University of Aberdeen. Ajantha Subramanian, Professor, City University of New York. Alba Valenciano-Mañé, post-doctoral researcher, Universidad Autonoma de MadridAlbert Caramés, Adjunct Professor, Blanquerna – Ramon Llull UniversityAlessandra Mezzadri SOAS Reader in Global Development and Political Economy Alessandro Donadio Miebach, Adjunct Professor, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Alexander D. Barder, Professor of International Relations, Florida International University Alexandre Abreu, Assistant Professor, ISEG-Lisbon School of Economics and Management. Alfredo Alietti, Professor, University of Ferrara ItalyAli Cebeci, PhD, Georgetown UniversityAli Raza, Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management SciencesAlice Panepinto, Reader, School of Law, Queen’s University BelfastAlicia Campos Serrano, Profesora Titular, Universidad Autónoma de MadridAlison Phipps, UNESCO, Chair University of Glasgow Alma Khasawnih, The College of New JerseyAlyosxa Tudor, Reader in Gender Studies, SOAS University of London.Alyssa Kristeller, Graduate Student Georgetown University. Aman, Associate Professor of Legal Practice, Jindal Global University Amber De Clerck, PhD Student & Teaching Assistant, Ghent University, BelgiumAmber Lakhani, PhD Candidate & GTA, SOAS University of London. Amina Adanan, Lecturer in Law, Maynooth UniversityAmira Abdelhamid, Lecturer in International Relations, University of Portsmouth Amy Strecker, Associate Professor of Law, University College DublinAnamika Misra, Associate Lecturer, University of Bristol. Anand Sheombar, researcher & lecturer, HU University of Applied Sciences UtrechtAnand Vaidya, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Reed CollegeAnanya Chakravarti, Associate Professor of History, Georgetown UniversityAnas Karzai, Laurentian University, Canada Anastasiya Kotova, Doctoral candidate, Lund UniversityAnchita Dasgupta, Oxford Law FacultyAndrea Cornwall, Professor of Global Development and Anthropology, King’s College London.Andrea Gadberry, Associate Professor, NYUAndrea Maria Pelliconi, Teaching Associate, University of NottinghamAndrea Mura, Senior Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of LondonAndrea Teti, Associate Professor of Political Science, Univeristy of Salerno, ItalyAndrew Bush, Assistant Professor, Bard CollegeAndrew Woolford, PhD, Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Manitoba Angana Chatterji, University of California, Berkeley. Angela Daly, Professor of Law & Technology, University of Dundee. Angela Smith, Sessional Academic, University of New South WalesAngela Zito, Anthropology/Religious Studies, NYUAnita H. Fábos, Professor, International Development, Community & Environment Department, Clark University Anita Rupprecht, University of BrightonAnjali Arondekar, Professor, Feminist Studies, UCSCAnna Bigelow, Stanford University. Anna Ferguson, Georgetown University Anna Rosellini, University of BolognaAnna-Claire Steffen, PhD Candidate, UMass AmherstAnnaclaudia Martini, Assistant Professor at University of Bologna, ItalyAnnapurna Menon, Teaching Associate, University of Sheffield Anne Berg, Assistant Professor of History, University of Pennsylvania.Anne Hunnell Chen, Assistant Professor of Art History and visual culture, Bard College Anne Norton, Professor, University of PennsylvaniaAnne-Claire Defossez, Researcher, Institute for Advanced Study, PrincetonAnneke Newman, Senior Postdoctoral Fellow, University of GhentAnooradha Iyer Siddiqi, Barnard College, Columbia UniversityAnthony Alessandrini, Professor, City University of New YorkAnthony Gorman, Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh. Anton Shammas, Prof. Emeritus of Middle East Literatures, University of MichiganAntonio Scialà, Università Roma Tre, ItalyAntonio Y. Vazquez-Arroyo, Associate Professor, Rutgers University-Newark. Aoife Daly, Professor of Law, School of Law, University College CorkArathi Sriprakash, University of Oxford Ardi Imseis, Professor of International Law, Queen’s University Arun Kundnani, independent scholar and writerArzu Somalı, PhD student, University of Istanbul. Aseil Abu-Baker, Legal Consultant. Ashok Kumar, Senior Lecturer of Political Economy, Birkbeck University. Aslı Bâli, Professor of Law, Yale UniversityAstrid Mrkich, refugee lawyer, Toronto, CanadaAta Hindi, Birzeit University. Atiya Habeeb Kidwai, retired Professor, Jawharlal Nehru University, IndiaAvital Ronell, University Professor of the Humanities, NYUAyça Çubukçu, Associate Professor in Human Rights, LSEAyesha Khalid Chaudhry, Doctoral candidate at Deakin University AustraliaAyesha Umaña Dajud, JSD student, Cornell UniversityAyushman Bhagat, Lecturer, Brunel University London Azam Khatam, Instructor, York UniversityAzeezah Kanji, legal academic and journalistBadreddine Rachidi, Graduate Student & Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University.Baki Tezcan, Professor of History, University of California, DavisBanah Ghadbian, Assistant Professor Of Comparative Women’s Studies, Spelman CollegeBarbara Aiolfi, research fellow University of Milan – BICOCCABarbara De Poli, Associate Professor, Ca’ Foscari University VeniceBarry Trachtenberg, Rubin Presidential Chair of Jewish History, Wake Forest University, North Carolina.Basheer Ahmad, Retired professor, JNU, New Delhi Bashir Saade, Lecturer in Politics and Religion, University of StirlingBayan Abusneineh, Assistant Professor, Ohio State University Ben Golder, Professor, UNSWBen Whitham, Lecturer in International Relations, SOAS University of LondonBen Wiedel-Kaufmann, Lecturer, The Open University. Benjamin Selwyn, Professor of International Relations and Development, University of Sussex. Benjamin Thorne, Lecturer in Law, University of KentBerklee Baum, DPhil, University of OxfordBesan Jaber, Georgetown UniversityBielasan Tareq Zaina, PhD Student, Georgetown UniversityBikrum Gill, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Virginia TechBilal Maanaki, University of VirginiaBilge Yesil, City University of New YorkBircan Ciytak, Research Fellow, University of BirminghamBirgul Kutan, University of Sussex Bishnupriya Ghosh, Professor, UC Santa BarbaraBlanca Camps-Febrer, Adjunct Lecturer, Autonomous University of BarcelonaBrannon Ingram, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, North-western UniversityBrendan Ciaran Browne, Assistant Professor, School of Religion, Theology and Peace Studies, Trinity College DublinBrenna Bhandar, Associate Professor, Allard Law FacultyBrian McMahon, Lecturer in Sociology and Mindfulness-Based Wellbeing, Munster Technological UniversityBridget Guarasci, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Franklin & Marshall CollegeBruce Robbins, Columbia UniversityBruna A. Gonçalves, PhD Researcher, European University InstituteCahal McLaughlin, Professor, School of Arts, English and Languages Queen’s University BelfastCamila Vergara, Senior Lecturer, University of EssexCamilo Pérez-Bustillo, Executive Director, National Lawyers’ Guild – San Francisco Bay Area chapterCarla Winston, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, University of MelbourneCarles Fernández-Torné, Adjunct Professor in transitional justice and conflict analysis, Ramon Llull UniversityCarlo Caprioglio, Legal Clinic on Migration and Asylum, Università Roma TreCarlo Leget, Professor of Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies. Carlos Bichet, Assistant Professor, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas , Universidad de PanamaCatherine Charrett, Senior Lecturer, International Relations, University of Westminster.Catherine Larocque, PhD candidate, University of OttawaCathy Powell, Associate Professor in Public Law, University of Cape TownCemil Aydin, Professor of International History, University of North Carolina Chapel HillCeyda Turan, Lawyer at Turan Law OfficeChaman Lal Retd Professor JNU Charles des Portes, Teaching Fellow in Political Theory, University of LeedsChenjerai Kumanyika, Assistant Professor, NYU Journalism Chi-Chi Shi, PhD Researcher, Durham UniversityChiara De Cesari, Professor of Heritage, Memory and Cultural Studies, University of Amsterdam. Chiara Pagano, Post-doc, University of Graz Chris Barker, Assistant Professor, The American University in CairoChris Dole, Professor of Anthropology, Amherst CollegeChris Gilbert, Professor of Political Studies, Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela Christina Murray, Graduate Student, MAAS, Georgetown.Christine Hong, Professor, UC Santa CruzChristo El Morr, Professor, York University, CanadaChristopher Gevers, School of Law, University of KwaZulu-NatalChristopher Parker, Associate Professor, Ghent University Christopher Roberts, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Chinese University of Hong KongCigdem Cidam, Professor of Political Science, Union College Schenectady NYCira Pascual Marquina, Professor of Political Studies, Universidad Bolivariana de VenezuelaClaire Begbie, PhD student at Concordia University, Montreal.Claire Gallien, Professor, University Montpellier 3 Clara Han, Professor of Anthropology, Johns Hopkins UniversityClaudia Dides, Universidad de Santiago. Claudia Saba, Adjunct Lecturer, Ramon Llull UniversityClement Sichimwa, Lecturer and Researcher at University of Zambia Clíodhna Murphy, Associate Professor of Law, Maynooth University Clod Marlan Krister Yambao, Asst. Professor University of the Philippines Dept. of Art Studies and Doctoral Research Fellow, Conflict Research Group, Ghent UnivesityColin Breen, Reader, Ulster UniversityColleen Bell, Associate Professor, University of SaskatchewanCristiana Fiamingo, assistant prof. University of MilanCristina Bacchilega, Professor Emerita, University of Hawaii-ManoaCurtis F.J. Doebbler, Research Professor of Law, Department of Law, University of MakeniCynthia Franklin, Professor, University of Hawai’iCyra Akila Choudhury, Professor of Law, FIU College of LawDalia Said Mostafa, Associate Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, QatarDamien Short, Professor of Human Rights and Environmental Justice; Co-Director, Human Rights Consortium, School of Advanced Study, University of LondonDaniel Brown, PhD, LSE Sociology Department Daniel R. Quiroga-Villamarín, PhD Candidate, Geneva Graduate InstituteDaniel Segal, Jean M Pitzer Professor Emeritus, Pitzer CollegeDaniel Stein, Assistant Professor, O.P. Jindal Global Law SchoolDaniela Meneghini ca’ Foscari università of Venice Daniela Pioppi University of Naples L’Orientale Daniele Conversi, Research Professor at the Ikerbasque Foundation for Science and the University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Bilbao, EuskadiDanielle Fernandes, Doctoral researcher, Vrije Universiteit BrusselDara Leyden, PhD candidate, Queen Mary University of LondonDaragh Murray, Senior Lecturer, School of Law, Queen Mary University of London.Darryl Li, Associate Professor of Anthropology and Associate Member of the Law School, University of Chicago.David Keane, Assistant Professor of Law, Dublin City UniversityDavid Landy, Director of MPhil in Race Ethnicity and Conflict, Trinity College DublinDavid Leadbeater, Adjunct Professor, Laurentian University, CanadaDavid Palumbo-Liu, Louise Hewlett Nixon Professor, Stanford University. David Theo Goldberg, Professor, University of California, IrvineDavid van Leeuwen, professor, Radboud University Nijmegen David Whyte, Professor of Climate Justice, Queen Mary University of LondonDearbhla Minogue, Senior Lawyer at Global Legal Action NetworkDeborah B. Gould, Professor of Sociology, University of California, Santa Cruz Deborah Lawson, PhD Candidate, School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool. Deen Sharp, Visiting Fellow, LSEDiana Allan, McGill UniversityDiana Jeater, Professor of African History, University of LiverpoolDiane Lamoureux, professeure émérite, Université Laval. Didier Fassin, Professor, Collège de FranceDimitri Van Den Meerssche, Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London. Dina Al-Kassim, Professor, University of British Columbia Dina M. Siddiqi, Global Liberal Studies, New York UniversityDina Matar, Professor Political Communication, SOASDino Pancani C, Facultad de Comunicacion e Imagen, Universidad de ChileDipti Khera, Associate Professor, New York UniversityDolly Kikon, University of Melbourne Donia Khraishi, Georgetown University Douaa Sheet, Assistant Professor, American UniversityDouglas Carson, University College DublinEdemilson Paraná, Associate Professor of Social Sciences, LUT University, FinlandEduardo Villavicencio, PhD Student, Kent Law School.Edward Brennan, Lecturer, Technological University, DublinEdwin Bikundo, Senior Lecturer, Griffith Law SchoolEftychia Mylona, Lecturer, Leiden University Egidio de Bustamante, Senior Lecturer, Unit for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Innsbruck. Ekin Kurtic, Postdoctoral Fellow, Northwestern UniversityElena Vezzadini, Research affiliate, Institute for African WorldsElif Babül, Associate Professor, Mount Holyoke CollegeElif Durmuş, Postdoctoral Researcher in International Law and Human Rights, University of AntwerpElisa Giunchi, Professor, Università degli studi di MilanoElisabeth Weber, Professor of German and Comparative Literature, University of California, Santa BarbaraElizabeth Shakman Hurd, Professor of Politics and Religious Studies, Northwestern University. Elora Halim Chowdhury, Professor, UMass BostonElora Shehabuddin, Professor, UC BerkeleyElyse Crystall, Teaching Professor, UNC Chapel HillEmilio Dabed, adjunct professor of law, York University, Toronto Emily J. Sumner, Ph.D. candidate, University of MinnesotaEmily Watkins, Graduate Teaching Assistant/Instructor, University of KansasEmma Palmer, Senior Lecturer, Griffith UniversityEnrica Rigo, Associate professor of law, University of Roma TreEren Duzgun, Assistant Professor of International Relations, University of CyprusEric Hooglund, Editor, Middle East CritiqueEskandar Sadeghi, Associate Professor, University of YorkEstella Carpi, Assistant Professor in Humanitarian Studies, University College London Ettore Asoni, University of BolognaEva Nanopoulos, Senior Lecturer, Queen Mary University of LondonFabia Fernandes Carvalho, Assistant Professor, Universidade Federal de São PauloFabio Lanza, Professor, University of ArizonaFabio Marcelli, Senior Researcher of the Institute for International legal studies. Fadi Ennab, Vanier Scholar/PhD Student, University of Manitoba Farah Mahmoud, Doctoral Candidate, Florida International UniversityFarida Khan, Professor, University of Colorado Fatemeh Shams, Associate Professor of Persian Studies, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.AFathimah Fildzah Izzati, PhD Candidate, SOAS University of LondonFatima Sajjad, Associate professor, Director Center for Critical Peace Studies, University of Management and Technology LahoreFauzia Ahmad, Senior Lecturer, GoldsmithsFéilim Ó hAdhmaill, Lecturer, University College CorkFelícia Campos, PhD researcher in Islamic & Middle Eastern Studies, University of Edinburgh. Felicite Fairer-Wessels, emeritus professor, University of Pretoria, South AfricaFernando Quintana, PhD Student and GTA, Queen Mary University of London, School of LawFerran Izquierdo Brichs / Profesor Agregat / Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaFida Adely, Assistant Professor, Georgetown UniversityFien De Meyer, PhD, University of Antwerp. Flagg Miller, Professor, University of California, DavisFleur van Leeuwen, Assistant professor in international law, Boğaziçi University, IstanbulFrances Tanzer, Rose Professor of Holocaust Studies and Modern Jewish History and Culture, Assistant Professor of History, Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University Francesca Biancani, Associate Professor, University of BolognaFrancesca Romana Ammaturo, Senior Lecturer, London Metropolitan University.Francis Cody, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of TorontoFrancisca James Hernandez, Instructional Faculty, Pima Community College Fulya Pinar, Postdoctoral scholar, Middle East Studies, Brown University.Gabriela Kuetting, Professor of Global Politics, Rutgers University-NewarkGabriele vom Bruck, SOAS. Gabriele Wadlig, Max Weber Fellow, Department of Law, European University Institute Gareth Dale, Politics, Brunel UniversityGargi Bhattacharyya, Professor, University of the ArtsGary Fields, University of California San DiegoGayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Professor, Columbia University Gearóid Ó Cuinn, Founding Director, Global Legal Action Network (GLAN)Gene Carolan, Lecturer in Law, Technological University DublinGennaro Gervasio, Associate Professor, Università Roma Tre German Correa profesor Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Germán Santana Pérez, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Ghada Ageel, University of Alberta. Ghadir Zannoun, Associate Professor, University of KentuckyGholam Khiabany, Goldsmiths, University of LondonGianfranco Ragona, professor at University of TurinGijs Verbossen, Senior lecturer in conflict studies, University of AmsterdamGillian Hart, Professor Emeritus, University of California BerkeleyGillian Maris Jones, Ph.D. candidate, University of PennsylvaniaGiorgia Baldi, Lecturer, University of Sussex. Giulia Contes, project manger and PhD student, UAntwerpenGiulia Pinzauti, Assistant Professor of Public International Law, Leiden Law SchoolGiuseppe Aragno, Storico, Fondazione Humaniter, NapoliGiuseppe Mastruzzo, Director, International University College of Turin Gloria Novovic, Gender, Development and Globalisation Fellow, London School of Economics.Goldie Osuri, University of Warwick, UKGolnar Nikpour, Assistant Professor or History, Dartmouth CollegeGordon Christie, Professor, Peter A Allard School of Law, University of British ColumbiaGoretti Horgan, Senior Lecturer, Ulster University Greg Albo, professor, Politics, York UniversityGreg Burris, Associate Professor, American University of Beirut.Guido Donini, former Assistant Professor 0ffof Classics at the University of ChicagoGuillem Farrés Fernández, Professor Lector, UOCGuillermo Gigliani, Professor, Universidad Nacional de Moreno, ArgentinaHadia Mubarak, Assistant Professor of Religion, Queens University of Charlotte.Haim Bresheeth-Žabner, Professorial Research Associate, SOAS University of LondonHakeem Yusuf, Professor of Global Law, University of DerbyHamed Al-Mogarry, Sana’a University.Hanan Elsayed, Occidental CollegeHanan Kashou, Associate Teaching Professor, Rutger University.Hanan Toukan, Associate Professor, Bard College BerlinHannah Birkenkoetter, Assistant Professor, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Hannah Boast, Chancellor’s Fellow, University of Edinburgh Hannah NS Bahrin, PhD student, Queen Mary University Hannelore Van Bavel, postdoctoral researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel & University of BristolHarold Marcuse, Professor of History, University of California, Santa BarbaraHasan Basri Bülbül, Assistant Professor of International Law, Boğaziçi University, Turkey.Hasan Shuaib, PhD Graduate, Rutgers UniversityHassan Jabareen, General Director, Adalah Legal Center.Hatice Ozturk, PhD student, Georgetown UniversityHayley Gibson, University of Kent. Hazem Jamjoum, Curator, British Library.Helena Sheehan, Emeritus Professor, Dublin City UniversityHelga Tawil-Souri, Associate Professor, New York UniversityHelmi Mohammed Abdo, Sana’a Community College.Helyeh Doutaghi, Research Scholar, Yale University.Hesham Sallam, Stanford UniversityHilla Dayan, Lecturer, Amsterdam University College. Hossein Kamaly, Professor of Interfaith Studies, Hartford international University for Religion and PeaceHoward Pflanzer, Adj. Associate Professor, Hunter CollegeHoward Winant, University of California, Santa BarbaraHowie Rechavia-Taylor, Fellow, LSEHulya Dagdeviren, Professor of Economic Development, University of Hertfordshire. Humeira Iqtidar, King’s College LondonHumoud Y. Alfadhli, Assistant Professor of International Law, Kuwait University Huseyin Disli & Kent Law School/Worldwide Lawyers Association Research and Programmes Executive.Idil Abdillahi Assistant Professor, TMU.Ignasi Bernat, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Sociology, University of Barcelona Inessa Hadjivayanis, PhD candidate, SOAS. Inge van Nistelrooij, associate professor, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht.Intan Suwandi, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Illinois State University. Iqra Anugrah, Research Fellow, International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden University. Ira Bhaskar, Retd. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, IndiaIrene Van Staveren, professor of economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam. Irina Ceric, Assistant Professor, University of Windsor Faculty of Law Isabel Huacuja Alonso, Assistant Professor, Columbia UniversityIsabel Käser, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Bern Isabella Camera d’Afflitto – Honorary Professor, Sapienza università di RomaIsabelle Mildonian, Graduate, Roanoke College. Işıl Aral, Assistant professor of international law, Koç UniversityIsobel Roele, Reader in Law, Queen Mary University of London Issa Shivji, Professor Emeritus, University of Dar es SalaamItziar Ruiz Giménez, Profesora de RRII y Coordinadora del Grupo de Estudios Africanos e Internacionales, UAMJ. Travis Shutz, Assistant Professor, California State University Los AngelesJack Halberstam, Columbia University Jack McGinn, PhD candidate, LSEJairo I. Fúnez-Flores, Texas Tech UniversityJalal Kawash, Academic, University of CalgaryJamal Ali, Assistant Teaching Professor, Rutgers UniversityJames Eastwood, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of LondonJan Selby, Professor of International Politics, University of LeedsJaskiran Dhillon, Associate Professor, The New SchoolJasmin Johurun Nessa, University of Liverpool.Jasmine Barzani, PhD candidate Melbourne UniversityJason Beckett, Associate Professor, American University in CairoJavier González-Arellano, Profesor asociado de filosofía del Derecho Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Jay Ramasubramanyam, Assistant Professor, Department of Social Science, York UniversityJean Beaman, Associate Professor, Sociology, University of California-Santa BarbaraJeannette Graulau, Associate Professor, CUNYJeff Handmaker, Associate Professor, Erasmus University Rotterdam.Jeffrey Sacks, Associate Professor, University of California, Riverside Jeffrey Stevenson Murer, Senior Lecturer on Collective Violence, University of St AndrewsJehan Mohamed, Lecturer, Rutgers State University.Jenny Phillimore, Professor, University of BirminghamJeremy Dell, Lecturer, University of Edinburgh Jessie Daniels, PhD, Professor, CUNYJillian Rogin, Associate Professor (Law), University of Windsor. Jinan Bastaki, Associate Professor of Legal Studies, NYUAD. Jo Bluen, London School of Economics, PhD candidateJo-Marie Burt, Associate Professor, George Mason UniversityJoel Gordon, Professor of History, University of Arkansas Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Associate Professor, Clark UniversityJohn Bellamy Foster, Profesor Emeritus, University of Oregon.John Cox, Director, Center for Holocaust, Genocide & Human Rights Studies, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.John L. Esposito, Distinguished University Professor, Georgetown UniversityJohn Reynolds, Associate Professor of International Law, Maynooth UniversityJolanda Guardi, Professor, University of TurinJonathan Wheeler, Assistant professor and researcher, National University of Tucumán-CONICET. Jordan Cortesi, PhD student, University of Kansas.Jordana Silverstein, Senior Research Fellow, University of MelbourneJose Itzigsohn, Professor of Sociology, Brown UniversityJoseph Elsayyid, Yale UniversityJuan M. Amaya-Castro, Universidad de los AndesJulia Dehm, Senior Lecturer in Law, La Trobe UniversityJulian Go, Professor, University of ChicagoJuliane Hammer, Professor of Religious Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillJulie Carlson, Professor of English, UC Santa BarbaraJyotirmaya Sharma, Professor, University of Hyderabad Kaiya Aboagye, Senior Lecturer, University Western SydneyKalbir Shukra, former senior lecturer now independent researcher.Kanad Bagchi, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of AmsterdamKareem Rabie, Associate Professor, University of Illinois at ChicagoKaren Crawley, Senior Lecturer, Griffith Law School Karin Arts, Professor of International Law and Development, International Institute of Social StudiesKarin White, ECCE Programme Chair, Atlantic Technological UniversityKarma Nabulsi, Professor, University of Oxford Kasia Paprocki, Associate Professor, London School of Economics and Political ScienceKatherine Gallagher, Center for Constitutional RightsKatherine Natanel, Senior Lecturer in Gender Studies, University of ExeterKathleen Lynch, University College Dublin, UCD Professor of Equality Studies (Emerita)Kathy Engel, Associate Arts Professor, NYUKaty Kalemkerian, John Abbott College Kaveh Ehsani, Associate Professor, DePaul University- ChicagoKen Fero Assistant Professor Coventry UniversityKenzie El Bakry, Graduate Social Sciences, University of Düsseldorf Kevin A. Gould, Associate Professor of Geography, Concordia UniversityKevin Skerrett, Adjunct Research Professor, Institute of Political Economy, Carleton UniversityKhaled Abou El Fadl, Professor, UCLA law SchoolKiran Asher, Professor and Chair, Department of Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies, UMass AmherstKirsten Forkert, Professor of Cultural Studies, Birmingham City University. Koen Leurs, Associate Professor, Utrecht University. Kristina Richardson, Professor, University of Virginia. Kurt Schock, Professor, Rutgers University, NewarkLaila Farah, Depaul University, Associate ProfessorLaila Parsons, Professor, McGill University Laila Shereen Sakr, Associate Professor, University of California, Santa BarbaraLaith Aqel, Clinical Lecturer in Law, Yale Law School. Laleh Khalili, Professor, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of ExeterLana Sirri, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Amsterdam.Lana Tatour, University of New South WalesLara Deeb, Professor of Anthropology, Scripps CollegeLara Fricke, PhD candidate University of ExeterLara Khattab, Assistant Professor at Mount Allison University Laura Betancur Restrepo, Associate Professor of International Law, Universidad de Los AndesLaura De Vos, Assistant Professor American Studies, Radboud UniversityLaura Fair, Professor, Columbia UniversityLaura Feliu Martinez, Profesora titular, UABLaura Maghețiu, Doctoral Researcher, CLaSP, Queen Mary University of LondonLaura McAtackney, Professor of Radical Humanities Laboratory and Archaeology, University College Cork (Ireland) and Professor of Heritage Studies, Aarhus University (Denmark)Laura Rodriguez Castro, Southern Cross University Laurie King, Teaching Professor, Department of Anthropology, Georgetown University Layli Uddin, Lecturer, Queen Mary University of LondonLeena Grover, Associate Professor of International Law, Tilburg UniversityLeila Ullrich, Associate Professor of Criminology, University of Oxford.Lena Alhusseini, Phd Student, California Institute of Integral StudiesLeo Spitzer, Professor of History Emeritus, Dartmouth CollegeLeon Sealey-Huggins, Assistant Professor of Global Sustainable Development, University of Warwick Leticia Rovira-Facultad de Humanidades y Artes- Universidad Nacional de Rosario – ArgentinaLeyla Neyzi, Research Fellow, University of GlasgowLila Pine, Associate Professor, New Media, Toronto Metropolitan UniversityLiliana Suárez, Universidad Autónoma de MadridLillian Robb, PhD Candidate Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies GenevaLisa Hajjar, Professor of Sociology, UC Santa BarbaraLivia Wick, Associate Professor, American University of Beirut.Liyana Kayali, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, University of SydneyLori Allen, Reader in Anthropology, SOAS University of London. Lucia Sorbera, Senior Lecturer and Chair Arabic Language and Cultures, The University of SydneyLucia Sorbera, Senior Lecturer and Chair Arabic Language and Cultures, University of SydneyLuigi Daniele, Senior Lecturer in Law, Nottingham Trent UniversityLuis Andueza, Lecturer in International Development, King’s College London Luis Eslava, Professor of International Law, La Trobe University & University of KentM. Bahati Kuumba, Professor of Comparative Women’s Studies, Spelman College M. Muhannad Ayyash, Professor of Sociology, Mount Royal University. Macarena Aguiló, Académica Universidad de Chile Madawi Al-Rasheed, Professor, LSEMadeline G. Levine, Kenan Professor of Slavic Literatures Emerita, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillMadina Thiam, Assistant Professor of History, New York UniversityMaggie Ronayne, Lecturer in Archaeology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.Maghraoui Driss, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco. Maha Abdallah, Graduate Teaching Assistant & PhD researcher, Faculty of Law, University of Antwerp. Maha Nassar, Associate Professor, University of Arizona. Maha Shuayb, University of Cambridge and Centre for Lebanese Studies.Maher Hamoud, Associate Scholar, KU LeuvenMahsheed Ansari, Senior Lecturer, Charles Sturt UniversityMahvish Ahmad, Assistant Professor in Human Rights and Politics, LSE & Co-Director LSE Human Rights. Mairaj Syed, Professor, Religious Studies and Middle East South Asia Studies, University of California, DavisMaisha Prome, PhD Candidate, Yale UniversityMaja Janmyr, Professor, Faculty of Law, University of OsloMalek Abisaab, Associate Professor McGill University Mandy Turner, professor of conflict, peace and humanitarian affairs, University of Manchester, UK. Marcela Alvarez Pérez, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaMarcela Pizarro , Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of LondonMargaux L Kristjansson, Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow in Native American and Indigenous Studies, Bard CollegeMaria Bhatti, lecturer, School of Law, Western Sydney University Maria Cristina Paciello, researcher, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice Maria Federica Moscati, Reader in Law and Society, University of Sussex. Maria Haro Sly, Ph.D. Candidate, Johns Hopkins University. Maria LaHood, Deputy Legal Director, Center for Constitutional Rights. Maria Rashid Fellow, Gender Studies Department, London School of Economics.Maria Tzanakopoulou, Lecturer in Law, Birkbeck, University of LondonMariam Motamedi Fraser, Reader in Sociology, Goldsmiths, University of LondonMariana Gkiati, Assistant Professor, Tilburg UniversityMarianne Hirschberg, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, Germany.Marieke Potma, PhD-candidate, University for Humanistic Studies.Marilù Mastrogiovanni, Adjunct professor in Journalism, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Mario Novelli, University of Sussex Marion Kaplan, NYU, EmeritaMarios Costa, Senior Lecturer, City, University of London Marissa Jackson Sow, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Richmond School of LawMarjorie Cohn, Founding Dean, People’s Academy of International LawMark Goodman, Professor, Sociology, York University, TorontoMarnie Holborow, Associate Faculty, Dublin City UniversityMarsha Henry, London School of EconomicsMarsha Rosengarten, Professor of Sociology, Goldsmiths University of LondonMarta Giallombardo, PhD candidate, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia.Marwa Daoudy, Associate Professor, Georgetown UniversityMarwa Neji, researcher, Ghent University, Belgium. Mary Ana McGlasson, Director, Centre for Humanitarian Leadership, Deakin University, MelbourneMary Ellen Davis, part-time faculty, Concordia University, MontréalMary Laheen, Assistant Professor, University College DublinMary Nolan, Professor of History Emerita, New York UniversityMarya Farah, Legal ResearcherMaryam Aldossari, Associate Professor, Royal Holloway University of London Matiangai Sirleaf, Professor of Law, University of Maryland Matt Howard, Lecturer, University of KentMatteo Capasso, University of Venice, Italy.Matthew Cole, Lecturer in Technology, Work and EmploymentMatthew Zagor, Associate Professor, ANU College of Law, Australian National University Maud Anne Bracke, Professor of modern European history, University of Glasgow UK Maura Finkelstein, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Muhlenberg College Mauricio Amar, Centro de Estudios Árabes Eugenio Chahuan, Universidad de ChileMaya Mikdashi, Associate Professor, Rutgers University. Mayur Suresh, Senior Lecturer, SOAS University of London. Mazen Masri, Senior Lecturer in Law, The City Law School, City University of London. Maziar Behrooz, San Francisco State UniversityMeera Sabaratnam, Associate Professor, University of OxfordMehmet Erken, İstanbul UniversityMehrdad F. Samadzadeh, University of TorontoMelania Brito Clavijo, PhD candidate; Universidad Autónoma de BarcelonaMelanie Richter-Montpetit, Senior Lecturer in International Security, Department of International Relations, University of Sussex.Melinda González, Assistant Professor, Georgetown UniversityMicah Khater, Assistant Professor, University of California-BerkeleyMichael Daniel Yates, Professor Emeritus, University of Pittsburghersity of PittsburghMichael Fakhri, Professor of Law, University of Oregon. Michael Lynk, Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, Western UniversityMichael Rodríguez-Muñiz, Associate Professor, University of California, BerkeleyMichael Rothberg, Professor of English, Comparative Literature, and Holocaust Studies, UCLA.Michel Feher, Editor/Publisher, Zone books, NY. Michelle Burgis-Kasthala, Senior Lecturer in Public International LawMichelle Farrell, Professor of Law, University of LiverpoolMichelle Hartman, Professor, McGill UniversityMichiel Bot, Associate Professor, Tilburg Law School. Miguel Valderrama, investigador adjunto Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Diego Portales.Mikki Stelder, Assistant Professor Global Arts and Politics, University of Amsterdam. Minoo Moallem, Professor, UC BerkeleyMiriam Ticktin, Professor, CUNY Graduate Center. Miriyam Aouragh, Professor, University of Westminster. Mirjam Twigt, Leiden University Moara Assis Crivelente, Researcher in the Centre for Social Studies, University of CoimbraMohamad Arnaout, Associate Professor, Lebanese International University Mohamed Adhikari, Emeritus Associate Professor, History Department, University of Cape TownMohamed Ali, PhD Candidate, Georgetown UniversityMohamed Mathee, Senior Lecturer, University of Johannesburg.Mohamed Sayed, Associate instructor and PhD candidate at Indiana UniversityMohamed Wajdi Ben Hammed, Assistant Professor at UC BerkeleyMohammad Ataie, Lecturer, University of Massachusetts Amherst.Mohammad Fakhreddine, Assistant Teaching Professor, Georgetown UniversityMohammad Shahabuddin, Professor, University of Birmingham Mohammed Abukhdeir. Abukhdeir family President Mohammed Sawaie, Professor, University of VirginiaMohan Rao, former professor at JNU, New DelhiMohsen al Attar, Reader, Associate Dean, XJTLUMona Baker, University of OsloMonisha Das Gupta, University of Hawaiʻi Mridula Mukherjee JNU India Retired ProfessorMurad Idris, Associate Professor, University of MichiganMyria Georgiou, Professor, LSEMythri Jegathesan, Associate Professor, Santa Clara University.Nabil Al-Tikriti, Professor, University of Mary WashingtonNabil Salih, graduate student at Bard CollegeNada Elia, Visiting Professor, Western Washington UniversityNadeem Karkabi, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of HaifaNadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, Lawrence D Biele Chair in Law, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Global Chair in Law, Queen Mary University of London.Nadia Abu El-Haj, Ann Whitney Olin Professor, Barnard College & Columbia University.Nadia Ahmad, Associate Professor of Law, Barry University; PhD Student, Yale School of the EnvironmentNadia Guessous, Colorado CollegeNadia Silhi Chahin, PhD researcher, Law School – University of EdinburghNadine El-Enany, Professor of Law, University of Kent. Nadje Al-Ali, Professor of Anthropology and Middle East Studies, Brown University Nahla Abdo, Professor, Carleton University. Naiefa Rashied, Lecturer: School of Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Nalini Mohabir, Associate Professor, Concordia University. Namita Wahi, Senior Fellow, Centre for Policy Research. Nancy Gallagher, professor emerita, UCSBNandini Chandra, Associate Professor, University of Hawaii at ManoaNaomi Taub, Postdoctoral Fellow, UCLANaoual El Yattouti, PhD Researcher University of AntwerpNatalie Kouri-Towe, Associate Professor, Concordia UniversityNatasha Iskander, Professor of Urban Planning and Public Service, New York UniversityNatasha Remoundou, Lecturer, University College DublinNathalie Khankan, Continuing Lecturer, UC BerkeleyNathan Patz Professor of Law, University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of LawNathaniel George, Lecturer in Politics of the Middle East, SOAS, University of LondonNaveed Ahmad Mir. PhD student and GTA, Kent Law School.Naveeda Khan, Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins UniversityNazia Kazi, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Stockton University.Nesrine Badawi, Associate Professor, The American University in CairoNiall Meehan, Head, Journalism & Media Faculty, Griffith College, Dublin (retired)Niamh Rooney, Assistant Lecturer, Dept. of International Development, Maynooth UniversityNichola Khan. Professor, University of Edinburgh Nicola Perugini, Associate Professor, University of Edinburgh. Nicola Pratt, Professor of the International Politics of the Middle East, University of WarwickNicola Soekoe, Counsel, Pan African Bar Association of South Africa (PABASA). Nicole Beardsworth, Wits UniversityNicole Ranganath, Assistant Professor, UC DavisNicos Trimikliniotis, Professor, University of Nicosia. Nida Kirmani, Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management SciencesNikhita Mendis, Anthropology PhD Student, University of ChicagoNimer Sultany, Reader in Public Law, SOAS University of London.Nimet Cebeci, PhD Candidate, Harvard UniversityNina Eliasoph, University of Southern CaliforniaNina Farnia, Assistant Professor, Albany Law SchoolNisha Kapoor, Associate Professor, University of Warwick Nivi Manchanda, Reader in International Politics Queen Mary University of London Noah Salomon, Associate Professor, University of VirginiaNoam Peleg, Senior Lecturer, UNSW Law and JusticeNoga Wolff, Independent ScholarNoor Gieles, MD & PhD student, Amsterdam UMC. Nora E.H. Parr, Research Fellow, University of Birmingham Norma Rantisi, Concordia University. Nour El Kadri, Professor, University of OttawaNoura Erakat, Associate Professor, Rutgers University, New BrunswickNoura Nasser, PhD student, LSE. Noureddine Jebnoun, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown UniversityNtina Tzouvala, Associate Professor ANU College of Law. Nusrat S Chowdhury, Associate Professor, Amherst CollegeOishik Sircar, Professor, Jindal Global Law SchooOlga Grau, Universidad de ChileOlga Touloumi, Associate Professor, Bard CollegeOludamini Ogunnaike, University of VirginiaOlúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Georgetown UniversityOmar Al-Ghazzi, Associate Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science Omar Farahat, Associate Professor, McGill University Omar Jabary Salamanca, Postdoc Fellow, Université libre de Bruxelles. Omer Bartov, Samuel Pisar Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Department of History; Faculty Fellow, Watson Institute for International & Public Affairs, Brown University.Omid Safi, Professor, Duke UniversityOmnia El Shakry, Professor of History, Yale UniversityOmr Kassem, University of Chicago Orla Kelleher, Assistant Professor, School of Law and Criminology, Maynooth University Osama Siddique. Inaugural Henry J. Steiner Professor of Human Rights. Harvard law School. Osman Bakar, Professor of Islamic Thought, International Islamic University MalaysiaOthman Belkebir, Ph.D researcher, Geneva Graduate Institute. Oudai Tozan, PhD candidate, researcher, and tutor at the University of CambridgeOzlem Biner Senior Lecturer in Anthropology, SOASPablo Oyarzun R., Universidad de Chile.Padraig McAuliffe, School of Law and Social Justice, University of LiverpoolPaola Rivetti, Associate Professor, Dublin City University Paola Zichi, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Warwick Law SchoolPatricia Sampedro, postgraduate student in International Development at the University of OxfordPatrick Shi Timmer, Postgraduate Student, King’s College London. Paul Michael Garrett, PhD, D. Lit, MRIA, University of GalwayPaula Chakravartty, James Weldon Johnson Associate Professor of Media Studies, NYUPauline Martini, Doctoral researcher, Queen Mary University of London.Pere Franch, Professor of Journalism and International Relations, Blanquerna School of Communication and International RelationsPete W. Moore, Associate Professor, Case Western Reserve UniversityPeter Drury, Kent Law School, PhD Student.Peter Hallward, Professor of Philosophy, Kingston University UKPietro Masina, professor, University of Naples L’Orientale. Pınar Kemerli, Assistant Professor, Bard CollegePolly Withers, Leverhulme ECF, LSEPooja Rangan, Associate Professor of English in Film and Media Studies, Amherst College Popy Begum, Saint Louis University. Praggya Surana, PhD student at the Graduate Institute, GenevaR. Brian Ferguson, Rutgers University-NewarkRabea Eghbariah, SJD Candidate, Harvard Law School.Rachad Antonius, retired full professor, Université du Québec à Montréal Rachel Brown, author of Defusing Hate: A Strategic Communication Guide to Counteract Dangerous SpeechRafael Quintero Godinez Affiliation: Lecturer, Birmingham City Law SchoolRahima Siddique, Phd Student, University of Manchester.Rahul Rao, Reader, University of St AndrewsRami G Khouri, American University of Beirut. Ran Zwigenberg, Associate Professor of Asian Studies, History, and Jewish Studies, Pennsylvania State University.Rana Kazkaz, Associate Professor, Northwestern University QatarRana Khalaf, PhD, Centre for Conflict and Humanitarian Response – University of ManchesterRanda M. Wahbe; PhD student; Harvard UniversityRanda Tawil, Texas Christian UniversityRandle DeFalco, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa William S. Richardson School of LawRania Muhareb, PhD researcher, Irish Centre for Human Rights, University of GalwayRaphael Salkie, Emeritus Professor of Language Studies, University of Brighton Rasha Bayoumi, Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Birmingham Rashid Yahiaoui, Assistant Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. Ratna Kapur, Professor, Queen Mary University of LondonRaz Segal, Associate Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Stockton University. Razan AlSalah, Concordia University. Rebecca Ruth Gould, Professor, SOAS University of London. Reem Abou-El-Fadl, Senior Lecturer in Comparative Politics of the Middle East, SOAS University of LondonReem Al-Botmeh, Lecturer, Institute of Law, Birzeit UniversityReem Awny Abuzaid, PhD candidate, University of WarwickRenate Bridenthal, The City University of New YorkRenisa Mawani, Professor, Sociology, University of British Columbia. Reuven Pinnata, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Washington.Rhys Machold, Senior Lecturer, University of GlasgowRicarda Hammer, Assistant Professor, UC BerkeleyRichard Clements, Assistant Professor, Tilburg Law SchoolRichard Falk, Professor emeritus of international law at Princeton University.Richard Marcuse, Anthropology, formerly University of VictoriaRichard Wild, Principal Lecturer in Criminology, University of Greenwich Rita Sakr, Maynooth UniversityRobert Crews, Professor of History, Stanford UniversityRoberto Filippello, Assistant Professor at University of Amsterd.Rochelle Davis, Sultanate of Oman Associate Professor, Georgetown UniversityRodante van der Waal, PhD-candidate, University for Humanistic Studies.Rodrigo C. Bulamah, Professor, State University of Rio de JaneiroRoger Heacock, Professor of history emeritus , Birzeit University, Palestine Rohini Sen, School of Law, University of Warwick. Ronak Kapadia, Associate Professor, University of Illinois ChicagoRonit Lentin, Retired Associate Professor of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin Rose Parfitt, Senior Lecturer in International Law, University of Kent. Rosemarie Buikema , professor of art, culture and diversityRosie Bsheer, Associate Professor of History, Harvard UniversityRoxana Pessoa Cavalcanti, University of BrightonRoxana Pey, académica Universidad de Chile.Ruba Salih, Professor, Università di Bologna. Ruth Fletcher, Reader in Law, Queen Mary University of LondonS. Hasan Mahmud, retired professor Jamia Millia Islamia, New DelhiS. Sayyid, Professor of Decolonial Thought and Social Theory, University of Leeds.S. Yaser Mirdamadi Researcher and lecturere at the Institute of Ismaʼili Studies, London.Sa’ed Atshan, Associate Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies and Anthropology, Swarthmore CollegeSaada Hammad, part time instructor, Holt Spirit University of Kaslik.Saadat Umar Pirzada, Assistant Lecturer, PhD Candidate, Kent Law School.Sabreena Ghaffar-Siddiqui Sheridan College Sacide Ataş, Ph.D. Candidate, Istanbul Medeniyet UniversitySadiyya Haffejee, Associate Professor, University of Johannesburg. Sai Englert, Lecturer, Leiden University. Salem Abdellatif Al-Shawafi, Professor of Philosophy, Community College Qatar.Samantha Morgan-Williams, Lecturer & Director of the LLM International Human Rights Law & Public Policy, School of Law, University College CorkSamantha Payne, Assistant Professor, Department of History, College of Charleston Samer Abdelnour, Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh.Samer Jabbour, Researcher, Syrian Center for Policy Studies.Sami Hermez, Director of Liberal Arts Program and Associate professor of Anthropology, Northwestern University in Qatar Samia Bano, SOAS, University of London.Samia Henni, Cornell University Sandro Mezzadra, Professor, University of Bologna Santiago Alberto Vargas Niño, Lecturer in IH(R)L and ICL, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., ColombiaSantosh Anand, Assistant Lecturer, Kent Law School, University of KentSantosh Mehrotra, Visiting Professor, institute for Policy Research, University of BathSara Alsaraf, University of Birmingham, UK, PhD StudentSara Chaudhry, Senior Lecturer, BirkbeckSara Cheikh Husain, Research Assistant, Melbourne UniversitySara Dehm, Senior Lecturer, University of Technology SydneySara Elbrolosy, Georgetown University. Sara Matthews, Associate Professor of Culture and Conflict, Global Studies and Communication Studies, Wilfrid Laurier UniversitySara Pursley, Associate Professor, New York UniversitySara Razai , Lecturer, University of Westminster. Sarah Bracke, Professor, University of Amsterdam. Sarah El-Kazaz, Senior Lecturer, SOAS, University of LondonSarah Ghabrial, Assoc. Prof, Concordia University (Montreal)Sarah Ihmoud, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, The College of the Holy Cross.Sarah Irving, Lecturer in History, Staffordshire UniversitySarah Keenan, Reader in Law, Birkbeck College, University of LondonSarah Lamble, Reader in Criminology, Birkbeck, University of LondonSarah Phillips, Professor of Global Conflict and Development, The University of SydneySarah Raymundo , Assistant Professor, Center for International Studies University of the Philippines Diliman Sasan Fayazmanesh, Professor Emeritus of Economics, California State University, FresnoScheherazade Bloul, PhD, Deakin University Scott Newton, Professor of Laws of Central Asia, SOAS University of LondonSean Lee, Assistant Professor of Political Science, American University in CairoSean T. Mitchell, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Rutgers University-NewarkSebastián Link, PhD student, Johns Hopkins University.Selim Can Bilgin, Partner at Kabine LawShabbir Agha Abbas, PhD Candidate, University of ArizonaShabnam Holliday, University of PlymouthShahd Hammouri, University of Kent.Shahd Qannam, PhD candidate, City Law School, University of LondonShakuntala Banaji, Professor, LSE Shane Darcy, Professor, Irish Centre for Human Rights, University of GalwaySharika Thiranagama, Associate Professor, Stanford University Dept. of Anthropology. Sharmila Parmanand, Assistant Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science.Sheer Ganor, History, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.Shehnaz Abdeljaber, University of PennsylavaniaSherene Seikaly, UCSBShirin Saeidi, University of Arkansas Shohini Sengupta, Associate Professor, O.P. Jindal Global University, IndiaSiddhartha Deb, Associate Professor, The New School Siggie Vertommen, Assistant Professor at University of Amsterdam.Sigrid Schmalzer, Professor of History, University of Masschusetts AmherstSilvia Groaz, Professor of Architecture History, ENSA Paris-EstSilvia Posocco, Reader in Social Anthropology, Birkbeck, University of LondonSimidele Dosekun, Assistant Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science Simon McKenzie, Lecturer, Griffith Law SchoolSimone Sibilio, Associate Professor, Ca’ Foscari University of VeniceSinéad Mercier, PhD Researcher (international law), University College DublinSinead Ring, Lecturer School of Law and Criminology Maynooth UniversitySiobhan Airey, Assistant Professor, Erasmus University RotterdamSiobhán Wills, Director of the Transitional Justice Institute, Ulster UniversitySivamohan Valluvan, Associate Professor, University of Warwick Sladjana Lazic, Assistant Professor, University of Innsbruck.Sneha Annavarapu, Yale-NUS college Sophia Brown, postdoctoral researcher, Freie Universität BerlinSophia Stamatopoulou-Robbins, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Bard CollegeSophie Richter-Devroe, Associate Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University Souheir Edelbi, Lecturer, School of Law, Western Sydney UniversityStefan Kipfer, York UniversityStephanie Deig, PhD Candidate, University of Lucerne Steven Alan Carr, Director, Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Purdue University Fort Wayne (affiliation for identification purposes only).Steven I. Levine, Research Faculty Associate, Dept. of History, University of Montana, USASu-ming Khoo, Associate Professor/Senior Lecturer, Head of Sociology, School of Political Science and Sociology, University of GalwaySujith Xavier, Associate Professor, University of WindsorSultan Doughan, Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of London.Sumathy Sivamohan, Professor, University of Peradeniya. Sumayya Kassamali, Assistant Professor, University of TorontoSumedha Choudhury, PhD candidate, Melbourne Law SchoolSumi Madhok, London School of Economics. Sune Haugbolle, Professor, Roskilde UniversitySurabhi Ranganathan, Professor of International Law; Director of Postgraduate Education, University of Cambridge Suraya Khan, Assistant Professor, San Antonio CollegeSusan M. Akram, Clinical Professor, Boston University School of LawSusan Power, Head of Legal Research and Advocacy, Al-HaqSusanne Wessendorf, Professor of Social Anthropology, Coventry UniversitySuzana Rahde Gerchmann, PhD candidate and GTA at City, University of London. Swati Chattopadhyay, Professor, University of California, Santa BarbaraSydney Chuen, Georgetown University.Syed Muhammad Omar, PhD Research, University of KansasSyeda Masood, Phd candidate, Brown UniversityTalal Asad, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, City University of New YorkTamanisha J. John, Assistant Professor at York UniversityTamsin Phillipa Paige, Senior Lecturer, Deakin Law SchoolTaner Akcam, Director of Armenian Genocide Research Program at Promise Armenian Institute, UCLA.Tani Barlow, Professor of History, Rice UniversityTania Saeed, Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), PakistanTanya Serisier, Reader in Feminist Theory and Criminology, Birkbeck, University of LondonTanzil Chowdhury, Associate Professor of Public Law, Queen Mary University of LondonTarik Nejat Dinc, Visiting Assistant Professor, Reed CollegeTariq Khan, Associate Professor, Govt College Township Lahore. Tasniem Anwar, Assistant Professor, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Taygeti Michalakea, Postdoc Fellow, Panteion UniversityTendayi Achiume, Professor of Law UCLA School of LawTeresa Almeida Cravo, Associate Professor, University of Coimbra, PortugalTerri Ginsberg, Faculty, City University of New YorkThalia Kruger, Professor, Faculty of Law, University of AntwerpThomas Blom Hansen, Professor of Anthropology, Stanford University. Thomas Cowan, University of NottinghamThomas Earl Porter, Professor of Russian, Modern European and Genocide Studies, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State UniversityTim Lindgren, Postdoctoral Fellow at Amsterdam Law School, University of Amsterdam. Timothy Mitchell, Professor, Columbia UniversityTom Frost, Senior Lecturer, Kent Law School. Tom Pettinger, Research Fellow, University of Warwick Tor Krever, Assistant Professor in International Law, University of CambridgeTori Fleming, Doctoral Student, York UniversityTraek Z. Ismail, CUNY School of LawTrevor Lies, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Kansas.Trevor Ngwane, Senior Lecturer, University of JohannesburgTriestino Mariniello, Senior Lecturer in Law, Liverpool John Moores University Ubeydullah Ademi, PhD Student, Northwestern UniversityUmair Pervez, Instructor University of Calgary Usha Natarajan, LPE Faculty Fellow, Yale Law School Valentina Zagaria, Research Associate, Anthropology Department, University of ManchesterValerie Forman, Associate professor, New York University Van Aken Mauro University of Milan-Bicocca, ItalyVanessa Ramos, Asociación Americana de Juristas, PresidentVanina Trojan, former Director, Irish Rule of Law InternationalVasiliki Touhouliotis, Adjunct Faculty and Independent Scholar, Portland State UniversityVasken Markarian, PhD, University of Texas at AustinVasuki Nesiah, Professor of Practice in Human Rights and International Law, The Gallatin School, NYU.Véronique Bontemps, CNRS, FranceVictoria Sanford, PhD, Lehman Professor of Excellence, Lehman College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York.Victoria Veguilla del Moral, Pablo de Olvide UniversityVida Samiian, Professor & Dean Emerita, CSU FresnoVidya Kumar, Senior Lecturer in Law, SOAS, University of London Vikki Bell, Professor of Sociology, Goldsmiths, University of LondonVivan, Itala, Professor, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy Wade McMullen, international human rights lawyer, Robert F. Kennedy Human RightsWail S. Hassan, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignWalaa Alqaisiya, University of Venice-Italy.Waqas Tufail, Reader in Criminology, Leeds Beckett UniversityWaseem Yaqoob, Lecturer, History of Political ThoughtWassim Naboulsi, Research Associate in IR, University of Sussex. Wendy Brown, Professor, Institute for Advanced Study.Wendy DeSouza, Adjunct Professor in Women and Gender Studies, Sonoma State University Wendy Gifford, Professor, University of OttawaWendy Pearlman, Professof Political Science, Northwestern University. William I Robinson, Distinguished Professor of Sociology, University of California at Santa Barbara William Mazzarella, Neukom Family Professor of Anthropology, University of ChicagoYael Navaro, Professor of Anthropology, University of CambridgeYaseen Noorani, Associate Professor, University of Arizona Yaser Amouri, PhD, Public International Law, Birzeit University, PalestineYasmeen Azam, graduate student, UC BerkeleyYasmeen Hanoosh, Professor, Portland State UniversityYasmine Kherfi, PhD Student, LSEYasmine Nahlawi, Legal Consultant. Yolande Jansen, Professor, University of AmsterdamYosefa Loshitzky, Professorial Research Associate, SOAS, University of LondonYusuf Ahmed, Tutor, SOAS. Zahra Ali, Assistant Professor at Rutgers University-Newark.Zahra Moloo, PhD candidate, Human Geography, University of TorontoZakia Salime, Associate Professor , RutgersZeina Jamal, PhD, Queen Margaret University Zoé Samudzi, Visiting Assistant Professor, Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University Zoha Waseem, University of WarwickZoya Hasan, Professor Emerita, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
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185 Israeli citizens, including 10 Israel Prize recipients, to the Chief Prosecutor at the International Criminal Court in The Hague
POSTED ON MAY 9, 2021
To: The Chief Prosecutor, The International Criminal Court, The Hague, Netherlands Your Excellency, We, individuals involved for many years in the field of human rights in the territories occupied by….
To:
The Chief Prosecutor, The International Criminal Court,
The Hague, Netherlands
Your Excellency,
We, individuals involved for many years in the field of human rights in the territories occupied by Israel in 1967, are writing to the ICC following your request to the Israeli government to clarify whether it intends to investigate complaints of war crimes allegedly committed in the Occupied Territories, including Gaza and east Jerusalem, in general and since 2015 in particular.
We understand that such a request is required in accordance with your procedures in such instances, and we do respect your method of operation.
We wish to assert at this early stage our deep suspicion, based on past experience, that the State of Israel, including its investigative and legal institutions, has no intention to seriously investigate complaints of war crimes. Our suspicion is backed by a very large number of documented cases ostensibly involving war crimes committed by Israel in the Occupied Territories in gross violation of international law. Most of these cases have not been investigated at all, and a few have been concluded with acquittal following a superficial and inadequate investigation.
In our assessment, the many acts of discrimination, severe restrictions upon freedom of movement, appropriation of Palestinian lands for the purpose of Israeli settlement, arbitrary collective punishments (such as curfews and blockades), unwarranted arrests (including long-term administrative detention and illegal incarceration in prisons outside the occupied territories), repeated invasion of private homes and villages, large-scale demolition of houses and other vital structures, prevention of access to basic needs such as water and electricity, denial of residency permits, denial of access to privately-owned Palestinian fields and grazing grounds, and the abject failure of the military courts to provide even a semblance of justice – all these and more are eminently worthy of investigation by your Court. Such acts are the routine, daily reality of the Israeli occupation of the West Bank, as we can attest from our own extensive experience there over many years. It is difficult not to see in this list an underlying systemic goal of dispossessing and expelling large numbers of innocent Palestinians from their homes and of barring access to their legally owned lands. As is well known, there are two separate legal systems in place in Israel and the Palestinian territories— the former based on the laws of the state and enshrining basic human rights, the latter, in the occupied territories under military rule, often entailing the denial of such rights.
We must emphasize that addressing the ICC is not an easy choice for us. We are law-abiding citizens who love this land. Precisely from this standpoint, we believe that the actions of the State of Israel and its authorities in the Occupied Territories cause not only unjust and outrageous harm to the local Palestinian population but also irreparable damage to the State of Israel itself. The occupation corrupts every corner of Israel and is driving it into a moral abyss.
Sadly, despite Israel’s image as a state that maintains a proper and professional legal system, the reality paints a different picture – harsh, discriminatory, and outrageous. The law imposed on the Occupied Territories and the manner in which it is applied by the Israeli enforcement and security agencies effectively allow ongoing acts of moral injustice and prima facie war crimes.
Many of us are in contact with the human-rights organizations and activists working in Israel and Palestine, whose ample documentation can contribute to the work of the ICC.
Signed:
1. Prof. Michal Aviad 2. Dr. Hanna Aviram 3. Yael Agmon 4. Prof. Joseph Agassi 5. Dr. Dana Olmert 6. Jonathan Ofir 7. Claire Oren 8. Dror Etkes 9. Prof. Benjamin Isaac 10. Prof. Eva Illouz 11. Amos Ityel 12. Amira Ityel 13. Prof. Zohar Eitan 14. Udi Aloni 15. Rami Elhanan 16. Dafna Alexandrovitch 17. Prof. David Enoch 18. Ora Ardon 19. Meira Asher 20. Prof. Jerome Bourdon 21. Prof. Tali Bitan 22. Prof. Yoram Bilu 23. Rachel Beitarie 24. Idan Bchor 25. Amitai Ben-Abba 26. Sadi Ben-Shitrit 27. Michal Ben-Gera 28. Daphne Banai 29. Ronit Back 30. Hagit Back 31. Hanna Barag 32. Dr. Tamar Berger 33. Prof. Yigal Bronner 34. B. Michael 35. Daphna Baram 36. Ruth Barkai 37. Prof. Amiram Goldblum 38. Tamar Goldschmidt 39. Neta Golan 40. Ada Gorni 41. Natalie Ginzburg 42. Natanya Ginsburg 43. Dr. Snait Gissis 44. Maya Gal Eshet 45. Bat-El Galor 46. Liora Glatt Traube 47. Prof. Charles W. Greenbaum 48. Prof. Raphael Greenberg 49. Marcia Greenman Lebeau 50. Niva Grunzwieg 51. Prof. Ran Greenstein 52. Dr. Zeev Degani 53. Ronit Dahan-Ramati 54. Dani Danieli 55. Orit Dekel 56. Aliza Dror 57. Barak Heymann 58. Guy Hirschfeld 59. Prof. Ruth Hacohen 60. Lahav Halevy 61. Mattan Helman 62. Dr. Jeff Halper 63. Shoshana Halper 64. Hanna Heller 65. Roni Hammermann 66. Dr. Ilana Hammerman 67. Prof. Don Handelman 68. Yoav Haas 69. Prof. Alon Harel 70. Yehudith Harel 71. Tal Haran 72. Rivka Vitenberg 73. Dr. Uri Weiss 74. Einat Weizman 75. Hanna Zohar 76. Dr. Nava Sonnenschein 77. Prof. Galit Hasan-Rokem 78. Rachel Chayut 79. Anat Tueg 80. Avital Toch Bar-Haim 81. Eran Torbiner 82. Hadas Tal 83. Dori Tal 84. Sivan Tal 85. Yaron Yehoshafat 86. Smadar Yaaron 87. Menahem Yaari 88. Raia Yaron 89. Dr. Yanai Israeli 90. Dugi Israeli 91. Ram Cohen 92. Hanna Kahana 93. Tzruya Lahav 94. Prof. Ram Loevy 95. Karin Lindner 96. Prof. Idan Landau 97. Dr. Mili Mass 98. Avichai Magal 99. Jonathan Mizrachy 100. Dr. Anat Matar 101. Elia Michaeli 102. Dr. Ishai Menuchin 103. Ivonne Mansbach-Kleinfeld 104. Prof. Jacob (Kobi) Metzer 105. Prof. Avishai Margalit 106. Racheli Merhav 107. Prof. Jad Neeman 108. Shirli Nadav 109. Ohad Naharin 110. Kobi Niv 111. Ofer Neiman 112. Nina Sebba 113. MD Ronit Sevilia Zangvil 114. Maya Savir 115. Dr. Aliza Savir 116. Anouk Savir-Kadmon 117. Irit Segoli 118. Prof. Guy Stroumsa 119. Prof. Sarah Stroumsa 120. Dr. Yoav Silbert 121. Tamar Selby 122. Revital Sella 123. Amitai Sandy 124. Dr. Kobi Snitz 125. Dr. David Senesh 126. Dr. Michal Sapir 127. Iftach Spector 128. Hannah Safran 129. Prof. Amotz Agnon 130. Prof. Avraham Oz 131. Dr. Meir Amor 132. Uriela Inbar 133. Shoshi Anbar 134. Orna Akad 135. Fathiya Akfa 136. Zohar Atai 137.Nurit Popper 138. Sylvia Piterman 139. Micky Fisher 140. Prof. Nurit Peled Elhanan 141. Tamar Fleishman 142. Prof. Emmanuel Farjoun 143. Sigal Primor 144. Ronny Perlman 145. Rachel Perets 146. Nola Chilton 147. Shaul Tcherikover 148. Goni Tsur 149. Avner Tsur 150. Varda zur 151. Ronit Chitayat Kashi 152. Shimri Zameret 153. Noam Kadmon 154. Michal Kaiser-Livne 155. Annelien Kisch 156. Tali Klagesbrun 157. Prof. Menachem Klein 158. Adam Keller 159. Aya Kaniuk 160. Luciana Kaploun 161. Professor Yosef Kaplan 162. Nurit Karshon 163. Prof. Ishai Rosen-Zvi 164. Prof. Freddie Rokem 165. Micha Rachman 166. Haran Rivlin 167. Dr. Nura Resh 168. Jonathan Sugarman 169. Dr. Ygal Shochat 170. Dr. Daphna Shochat Bagon 171. Prof. David Dean Shulman 172. Prof. Dmitry Shumsky 173. Yael Shomroni 174. Shelly Steinberg 175. Shlomit Steinitz 176. Tamar Shita 177. Miriam Shlesinger 178. Dr. Moshe Shalit 179. Tami Shellef 180. Vardit Shalfy 181. Mati Shmuelof 182. Ziyona Snir 183. Yonatan Shapira 184. Dr. Tzvia Shapira 185. Riki Shaked-Trainin 186. Dr. Dan Tamir