04.04.24

Editorial Note

In late March, a group of academics and activists wrote a letter to US President Joe Biden requesting him to immediately stop transferring all offensive arms and related funds to Israel. According to them, “Israel’s assault on Gaza appears to include both acts and intent stated in the definition of genocide.” They wrote, “President Biden, do not let the United States go down in history as the enabler of genocide.” Since “The US is a party to the Genocide Convention, and owes the international community the obligation to prevent this heinous crime. When the US continues to send weapons to Israel, especially after ICJ’s provisional measures, it violates these obligations.”

Some 900 academics and activists signed this letter, including Israelis. Some Israelis teach in Israeli institutions, and others were recruited by pro-Palestinians – with the backing of oil-wealthy Middle Eastern states donations – to teach in Western institutions.

The following is the list of Israeli academics from Israeli institutions who signed the letter:

Avner Giladi, Professor (emeritus) of Islamic Studies, University of Haifa. Raphael Greenberg, Professor of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University. Ayelet Ben-Yishai, Associate Professor of English, University of Haifa. Dr. Erella Shadmi, retired scholar, Beit Berl College. Miriam Eliav-Feldon, Professor of History, Tel Aviv University. Efraim Davidi, Lecturer of History, Tel-Aviv University. Avner Ben-Amos, Professor of History, Tel-Aviv University. Yuval Yonay, Sociologist, University of Haifa. Ron Barkai, Professor of History (emeritus), Tel Aviv University. Uri Mor, Associate Professor of Hebrew Language, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Tali Bitan, Associate Professor, University of Haifa. Isaac (Yanni) Nevo, Assoc. Professor of Philosophy, Ben Gurion University, Israel. Zohar Eviatar, Professor Emerita, University of Haifa. Eran Fisher, Associate Professor, The Open University of Israel. Gideon Freudenthal, Prof (em.), Tel Aviv University. Maya Rosenfeld, Sociologist, Hebrew University and Sapir College. Michal Givoni, Senior Lecturer in political theory, Ben Gurion University. Anat Matar, Senior Lecturer, Philosophy Department, Tel Aviv University. Oded Na’aman, Senior Lecturer, Hebrew University. Udi Adiv, PhD, Open University. Yossi Wolfson, Teaching Associate, Tel Aviv University. Michal Braier, Urban Planner and Researcher, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Hannah Safran, Haifa Feminist Institute. Tamir Swissa, Teaching Assistant, Tel Aviv University. Maor Zeev-Wolf, Assistant Professor, Ben Gurion University, Israel. Anat Greenstein, Disability Studies Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Nufar Shimony, Philosophy Lecturer (retired).

The following is the list of Israeli academics from Western institutions who signed the letter:

Meir Amor, Associate Professor, Concordia University (ret.). Shira Klein, Associate Professor of History, Chapman University. Tamir Sorek, Professor of History, Penn State University. Lior Sternfeld, Associate Professor of History and Jewish Studies, Penn State University. Omer Bartov, Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Brown University. Yinon Cohen, Prof. of Israel & Jewish Studies, Columbia University. Eldar Shafir, Professor of Behavioral Science & Public Policy, Princeton University. Ra’anan Boustan, Research Scholar, Program in Judaic Studies, Princeton University. Hagar Kotef, Professor of Political Theory, SOAS, University of London. Nitzan Lebovic, Professor of History, Lehigh University. Atalia Omer, Professor of Religion, Conflict, and Peace Studies, The University of Notre Dame. Lital Levy, Associate Professor of Comparative Literature, Princeton University. Liron Mor, Associate Professor of Comparative Literature, UC Irvine. Gilat Levy, Professor of Economics, LSE. Shira Robinson, Associate Professor of History and International Affairs, GWU. Regev Nathansohn, Lecturer, Sapir College. Dr. Hilla Dayan, Lecturer at Amsterdam University College. Dorit Naaman, Professor, Queen’s University. Yael Sela, A. von Humboldt Research Fellow, Goethe University Frankfurt. Noa Shaindlinger, Assistant Professor of History, Worcester State University. Ran Greenstein, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Nitzan Lebovic, professor of History, Lehigh University. Yohai Hakak, Senior lecturer in social work, Brunel University London. Sharon Cohen, Assistant Professor of Introduction to Visual Culture, Bezalel Academy of Arts, Theater director. Haim Bresheeth-Zabner, Professorial Research Associate, SOAS. Yair Wallach, Associate Professor in Israeli Studies, SOAS, University of London. Shira Avni, Associate Professor, Concordia University. Eyal Sivan, Filmmaker & independent researcher. Adi M. Ophir, Visiting Professor, Brown University. Anat Biletzki, Albert Schweitzer Professor of Philosophy, Quinnipiac University. Nadav Assor, Associate Professor of Studio Art, Connecticut College. Thalia Drori Ramirez, Lecturer, CLA, University of Minnesota. Shai Ginsburg, Associate Professor, Duke University. B.H. Yael, Professor, OCAD University. Amittai Aviram, Associate Professor of Computer Science, Boston College. Revital Madar, Postdoctoral Fellow, European University Institute. Shir Alon, Assistant Professor of Middle Eastern Studies, UMN. Ophira Gamliel, Lecturer in South Asian Religions, University of Glasgow. Marcelo Svirsky, Senior Lecturer, University of Wollongong. Nadav Amir, Postdoctoral Fellow, Princeton University. Tom Pessah, Sociologist. Haim Yacobi, Professor of Development Planning, University College London. Neve Gordon, Professor of human rights and humanitarian law, Queen Mary University of London; Vice President of the British Society for Middle East Studies. Itamar Shachar, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Hasselt University, Belgium. Tamar Schneider, Lecturer of Philosophy. Uri Horesh, Lecturer in Arabic, University of St Andrews.

Interestingly, some of the academics are Iranians. Numerous Iranian names, but only several are identified as related to Iran:

Amirhosein Vedadi, Researcher, University of Tehran. Mahd Zarghami, University of Tehran. Ali Ahmad, Tehran University. Atiyeh Vahidmanesh, Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Tehran. Camron Michael Amin, Professor of Middle East and Iranian Diaspora Studies, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Former President of the Association for Iranian Studies. Janet Afary, Professor of Religious Studies, University of California Santa Barbara, Former President of the Association for Iranian Studies. Nasser Mohajer, Independent Historian of Modern Iran. Frieda Afary, Iranian American librarian, translator, author, Los Angeles.

While it is possible that some of the Iranians are Iranian dissenters, it is also possible that there are regime agents among them. Iranian Universities are known for close connections to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Revolutionary Guards.  

Dr. Lior Sternfeld, an associate professor of History and Jewish Studies at Penn State University, was behind the letter to Biden. He is a researcher of Iranian-Jewish history. Sternfeld was apparently influenced by Haggai Ram, a professor of Middle East Studies at Ben Gurion University who was his MA Thesis adviser and is a friend. Ram achieved a certain notoriety with his book Iranophbia: The Logic of an Israeli Obsession, where he argued that Israel’s preoccupation with Tehran’s nuclear project stems from its effort to deflect from the mistreatment of the Mizrahim, Jews who immigrated from Arab countries. Various book reviewers described the book in glowing terms, noting that Ram emphasized the colonial/Orientalist character of Israel. The Iranian regime considered Ram an essential addition to its gallery of Israeli scholars critical of “the Zionist enemy,” such as Professors Ilan Pappe and Shlomo Sand.

In a 2011 review of this book, Sternfeld called Ram “a prominent Israeli scholar” who helped to explain “the pathology of the Israeli obsession with an Iranian threat. He wrote, “Ram juxtaposes this development with the changing political reality in Israel, as the long time Ashkenazi ruling hegemony was voted out, and the ‘Likud’ party—overwhelmingly supported by religious Mizrahi Jews—came to power. At that point, Israelis saw Iran as a reflection of Israel’s own dark future if the Mizrahi forces in Israel should gain more political power. This sentiment grew stronger during the 1980s and the early 1990s.” 

Sternfeld’s newest venture into explaining Iran came in an article published in January in Hebrew. Sternfeld wrote, “In my understanding, the October 7 attack came at a very bad time for Iran, when it was supposed to agree with the US on a new outline for the nuclear talks and instead found itself in an international defensive position due to the Hamas attack.” 

Discussing how Israeli media reported on the visit of the Iranian Foreign Minister, Hossein Amir Abdullahian, to Lebanon, on October 12, 2023, Sternfeld wrote, “I believe that it is appropriate to examine the visit precisely as one that seeks to prevent Hezbollah from joining the war and thus being dragged into a regional war. Today, from a distance of three months, we see that while there is a limited military confrontation between Hezbollah and Israel, there has not been an entry into the war in full force as estimated by military and political commentators. That is, alongside pressures from within the Lebanese civil society and system, it is very possible that Iran actually served as a restraining factor.”

Evidently, Sternfeld did not read the voluminous post-October 7, 2023 commentaries that indicate that one of the goals of Hamas was to disrupt the Biden administration’s plan to bring Saudi Arabia into the Abraham Accord pact. The regime and all its proxies harshly denounced the prospective Saudi move and are now gloating that the Gaza War put an end to the plan. Alternatively, it is possible that Sternfeld, like many radical leftist academics, has tried to minimize Iran’s pernicious role in destabilizing the region as a step toward “wiping Israel off the map.” According to Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the “Zionist enemy,” aka the “Little Satan,” would cease to exist in the year 2040. A digital clock in a main Tehran square is actually counting down the time to the alleged Israeli demise. Inspired by their Supreme Leader, various regime spokesmen mentioned that a nuclear weapon would be a tool for dispatching the “Little Satan” to its doom. Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, a former president of Iran, once commented that Israel was a one atomic bomb country, adding that all its population would be eliminated. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, another former president who pushed hard for the nuclear program, was fond of speculating on how the world would look after the “Zionist enemy” is gone. He went so far as to support a 2005 conference in Tehran titled “A World without Zionism.” 

Whatever the reason for Sternfeld’s stand, he is officially added to the roster of anti-Israel Israeli scholars who wrote the public letter to President Biden, with his name being mentioned in Persian by the Iranian media. 

Arguably, they are all reaching out to promote dictatorships in the Middle East.

REFERENCES:

https://www.academicsforpeace.org/petition-march-2024

https://www.academics4peace.org/petitions/march-24-stop-arms-to-israel

Genocide is plausible; stop arms to Israel

Published March 2024

President Biden,

We, the undersigned academics and supporters, call on the US to stop transfer of all offensive arms and related funds to Israel, immediately. The International Court of Justice found by an overwhelming majority (15 of 17 judges) that South Africa’s allegations – that Israel is engaged in genocide – are plausible. Despite the court ordering provisional measures, the killing and starvation of Gazans has worsened exponentially. 

The crime of genocide is defined as “any of the following acts [when] committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group”: killing, causing serious bodily or mental harm, inflicting conditions to bring about physical destruction, imposing measures intended to prevent births.

Israel’s assault on Gaza appears to include both acts and intent stated in the definition of genocide. In the last five months, Israel’s targeting of civilians in Gaza has resulted in over 30,000 dead, 70% of them children and women, with thousands more under rubble. There are documented cases of executions, torture, sexual violence, and persistent policies leading to starvation and dehydration. Public health experts predict that by year’s end, hundreds of thousands will die as a result of Israel’s actions. Israeli leaders have called for retribution and abandoning restraint, assigned collective responsibility to an entire nation for the atrocious Oct. 7 crimes of Hamas, and called for making the Gaza Strip uninhabitable.

The US is a party to the Genocide Convention, and owes the international community the obligation to prevent this heinous crime. When the US continues to send weapons to Israel, especially after ICJ’s provisional measures, it violates these obligations. 

President Biden, do not let the United States go down in history as the enabler of genocide. Respect the US’s obligation under international law and basic morality. The only way to stop the starvation of two million people, including 100+ Israeli hostages, is to end this war.

We repeat, genocide is plausible.

List of Signatories

Statement Authors

1. Meir Amor, Associate Professor, Concordia University (ret.)
2. Joel Beinin, Donald J. Mclachlan Profesor of History, Emeritus, Stanford University, Former President of the Middle East Studies Association
3. Sonia Boulos, Associate Professor of International Human Rights Law, Nebrija University, Spain, Fulbright Fellow 
4. Nubar Hovsepian, Associate Professor of Political Science, Emeritus, Chapman University, previously Political Affairs Officer for the United Nations Conference on the Question of Palestine 
5. Shira Klein, Associate Professor of History, Chapman University, National Jewish Book Award finalist
6. Karin Loevy, Researcher at the Institute for International Law and Justice, New York University School of Law, Israel Law Review Prize winner
7. Tamir Sorek, Professor of History, Penn State University, Shapiro Prize for best book in Israel Studies winner
8. Lior Sternfeld, Associate Professor of History and Jewish Studies, Penn State University, Templeton Fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute

Award Winners & Academic Leaders

9. George P. Smith, 2018 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, Professor Emeritus of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri
10. Sir Richard J. Roberts, 1993 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, Fellow of the Royal Society, Chief Scientific Officer, New England Biolabs
11. Omer Bartov, Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Brown University, National Jewish Book Award winner
12. Zachary Lockman, Professor of Middle East History, New York University, Former President of Middle East Studies Association, Member of the British Academy
13. Sasha Senderovich, Associate Professor of Slavic and Jewish Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, National Jewish Book Award finalist
14. Bruce Robbins, Old Dominion Foundation Professor in the Humanities, Department of English and Comparative Literature, Columbia University, Guggenheim Fellow
15. Yinon Cohen, Prof. of Israel & Jewish Studies, Columbia University, Winner of the United States-Israel Bi-national Science Foundation (BSF)
16. Crystal Murphy, Associate professor of Political Science, Chapman University, Fulbright Scholar
17. Stefan H. Krieger, Richard J. Cardali Distinguished Professor in Trial Advocacy, Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University
18. Bill Ayers, Distinguished Professor (retired), University of Illinois at Chicago
19. Ronald Grigor Suny, William H. Sewell Jr. Distinguished University Professor of History, The University of Michigan, Guggenheim Fellow
20. Howard Winant, Distinguished Professor of Sociology Emeritus, University of California, Santa Barbara, Fulbright Scholar
21. Zia Mian, Program on Science and Global Security, Princeton University, Linus Pauling Legacy Award; Leo Szilard Award; Fellow of the American Physical Society
22. Eldar Shafir, Professor of Behavioral Science & Public Policy, Princeton University, Guggenheim Fellowship; Named one of Foreign Policy Magazine’s 100 Leading Global Thinkers; member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences
23. Ra’anan Boustan, Research Scholar, Program in Judaic Studies, Princeton University, Fulbright Fellow
24. Lydia Kiesling, Writer, National Book Foundation honoree; VCU Cabell First Novelist Award finalist
25. Hagar Kotef, Professor of Political Theory, SOAS, University of London, C.B Macpherson Book Award; Yale Ferguson Award; Spitz Prize in Democratic Theory
26. Camron Michael Amin, Professor of Middle East and Iranian Diaspora Studies, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Former President of the Association for Iranian Studies
27. Carolyn J. Dean, Charles J. Stille Professor of History and French, Yale University, Guggenheim Fellow
28. Jeff Warner, Former Chief of Geochemistry, NASA Johnson Space Center, NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal
29. Hasia Diner, Professor Emeritus of History, New York University, National Jewish Book Award winner, Guggenheim Fellow
30. Mitchell Plitnick, President, ReThinking Foreign Policy, Palestine Book Counter Current Award
31. Simon Dinnerstein, Artist, Rome Prize, Fulbright Fellow
32. Seyla Benhabib, Eugene Meyer Professor Emerita, Yale University; Ernst Bloch prize; Leopold Lucas Prize; Meister Eckhart Prize of the Identity Foundation and the University of Cologne; former President of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association
33. Joseph Camilleri, Professor Emeritus of International Relations, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Order of Australia Medal, Member of Academy of Social Sciences in Australia
34. Kathryn Levy, Poet; American Poetry Series Finalist, Midwest Book Award
35. Elliott Lieb, Professor of Mathematics and Physics (emeritus), Princeton University, Fulbright Fellow
36. Rob Nixon, Professor, Princeton; American Book Award; Fulbright Fellow; MacArthur Foundation Peace and Security Fellow 
37. Lawrence Rosenwald, Professor of English Emeritus, Wellesley College, Guggenheim Fellow
38. Jo Radner, Professor Emerita, American University; former President of the American Folklore Society 
39. Arlene Stein, Distinguished Professor of Sociology, Rutgers University; American Sociological Association’s Simon and Gagnon Award 
40. Nitzan Lebovic, Apter Chair of Holocaust Studies and Ethical Values, Professor of History, Lehigh UniversityAdeeb Khalid, Jane and Raphael Bernstein Professor of Asian Studies and History, Carleton College; Guggenheim Fellow
41. Kia Corthron, American playwright and novelist, Windham Campbell Prize 
42. Melissa Williams, Professor of Political Science, University of Toronto, First Book Award from the American Political Science Association
43. Barbara B. Brown, Lecturer in African Studies, Boston University, Fulbright Scholar
44. Harriet Zaidman, Writer; Geoffrey Bilson Award for Historical Fiction
45. Lawrence Blum, Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts and Education, University of Massachusetts, Boston
46. Lynne Tillman, writer, Guggenheim Fellow, Creative Capital Andy Warhol Foundation Grantee, American Academy of Arts and Letters’ Katherine Anne Porter Award for Contributions to Literature
47. Michael Harris, Professor of Mathematics, Columbia University, Member of the National Academy of Sciences
48. Arthur Ogus, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, UC Berkeley
49. Rebecca Ruth Gould, Distinguished Professor of Comparative Poetics and Global Politics, SOAS University of London
50. Janet Afary, Professor of Religious Studies, University of California Santa Barbara, Former President of the Association for Iranian Studies
51. Atalia Omer, Professor of Religion, Conflict, and Peace Studies, The University of Notre Dame, Andrew Carnegie Fellow
52. Eva Mroczek, Associate Professor of Religious Studies and Jewish Studies, UC Davis, Director of Jewish Studies Program; Association for Jewish Studies Jordan Schnitzer Book Prize; De Long Book History Prize awarded by the Society for the History of Authorship, Reading, and Publishing; Manfred Lautenschlaeger Prize for Theological Promise
53. Victoria de Grazia, Professor of History Emerita, Columbia University, Member of American Academy of Arts & Sciences
54. Lital Levy, Associate Professor of Comparative Literature, Princeton University, Salo Baron Prize for the best book in Jewish history
55. Elizabeth Bernstein, Professor and Chair of Women’s Gender and Sexuality Studies, and Professor of Sociology, Barnard College, Columbia University, Norbert Elias Prize
56. Allison Mickel, Director of Global Studies and Associate Professor of Anthropology, Lehigh University, Fulbright Scholar
57. John Harte, Professor of Ecology, University of California, Berkeley, Guggenheim Fellow; George Polk Award; Leo Szi­lard Prize from the Amer­i­can Phys­i­cal Soci­ety; Member of the Amer­i­can Phys­i­cal Soci­ety; Pew Schol­ars Prize in Con­ser­va­tion and the Envi­ron­ment 
58. Grazia Borrini-Feyerabend, President, Paul K. Feyerabend Foundation; winner of the Fred Packard International Parks Merit Award 
59. Arturo` Escobar, Distinguished Professor of Anthropology Emeritus, UNC, CHapel Hill, Member of American Academy of Arts & Sciences
60. Soraya de Chadarevian, Professor of History, UCLA, National Science Foundation (NSF) Award
61. David Barkin, Distinguished Professor of Economics, Metropolitan University, Mexico City; Alexander von Humboldt Award
62. Silvia Kolbowski, Artist, Creative Capital/Warhol Foundation Arts Grant awardee; National Endowment for the Arts awardee; Terra Foundation for the American Art awardee
63. Kenneth Frampton, Emeritus Professor, GSAPP, Columbia University, Soane Medal, London; Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement, Venice; American Institute of Architects’ National Honors Award, Washington, DC; Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
64. Beverly R. Voloshin, Professor Emerita of English, San Francisco State University, Former president of the Pacific Ancient and Modern Language Association; Fulbright Scholar
65. Susan S. Lanser, Professor Emerita of Comparative Literature, English, and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Brandeis University, Former President of the American Society of 18th-Century Studies; Former President of the International Society for the Study of Narrative; Wayne C Booth Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Society for the Study of Narrative; Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar Grant
66. Carlos Alvarez Pereira, Advisor, UNESCO Chair of Global Understanding for Sustainability
67. S Faizi, Ecologist, UN Environmental negotiatiator; UNEP Global 500 Award; Lifetime Achievement in Biodiversity Honour of the Serbian Government

Academics, Clergy, Professionals, Artists

68. Rabbi Laurie Zimmerman, Congregation Shaarei Shamayim
69. Rabbi Michael Feinberg, NYC
70. Danny Sleator, Professor of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University
71. Avi-ram Tzoreff, Historian, Van-Leer Jerusalem Institute
72. Carmel Dor, Artist 
73. Lee Mordechai, Senior Lecturer of History, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
74. Soumava Basu, President and Founder, Council for Global Cooperation (CGC)
75. Elana Michelson, Professor Emerita, SUNY-Empire State University
76. Max Weiss, Associate Professor of History, Princeton University
77. Liron Mor, Associate Professor of Comparative Literature, UC Irvine
78. Alma Rachel Heckman, Associate Professor of History and Jewish Studies, UC Santa Cruz
79. Edna Gruvman, Adjunct Professor, Nassau Community College
80. Rabbi Michael Feinberg, NYC
81. Cantor Michael Zoosman, Co-Founder: “L’chaim! Jews Against the Death Penalty”
82. Mairaj Syed, Associate Professor of Religious Studies and Middle East/South Asia Studies, University of California, Davis
83. Steven DeLue, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Miami University
84. Noah Asher Golden, Associate Professor of Teacher Education, CSU Long Beach
85. Tommaso Valletti, Professor of Economics, Imperial College London
86. Avner Giladi, Professor (emeritus) of Islamic Studies, University of Haifa
87. Frances Tanzer, Rose Professor of Holocaust Studies and Jewish Culture, Clark University
88. Danna Agmon, Associate Professor of History, Virginia Tech
89. Gilat Levy, Professor of Economics, LSE
90. Tavi Gevinson, Writer and actor
91. Claire Phillips, Lecturer, CalArts
92. Martha Ezell, Writer
93. Vardit Goldner, Artist
94. Nora Pearl, WREN
95. Sara Feldman, Preceptor in Yiddish, Harvard University
96. Nufar Shimony, Philosophy Lecturer (retired)
97. Raphael Greenberg, Professor of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University
98. Amy Beck MD MPH, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco
99. Shira Robinson, Associate Professor of History and International Affairs, GWU
100. Yonatan Ginzburg, Professor of Linguistics, Université Paris Cité
101. Roni Tzoreef, Post-doctoral Candidate, University of Michigan
102. Harry Hochheiser, Associate Professor of Biomedical University, University of Pittsburgh
103. Andrew Spiegel, Emeritus Associate Professor in Anthropology, University of Cape Town
104. Cynthia Clarkson, RN
105. Regev Nathansohn, Lecturer, Sapir College
106. Cat Zavis, Rabbi
107. Baki Tezcan, Professor of History, University of California, Davis
108. Jane Zighelboim Awni, American Jew
109. Dr. Hilla Dayan, Lecturer at Amsterdam University College and Visiting Fellow at Remarque institute, New York
110. Ayelet Ben-Yishai, Associate Professor of English, University of Haifa
111. Aron Lee Rosenberg, Faculty Lecturer, McGill University
112. Dana Schwartz, Marriage, Family Therapist
113. Dr. Erella Shadmi, Independent researcher and retired scholar, Beit Berl College
114. Miriam Eliav-Feldon, Professor of History, Tel Aviv University
115. Aaron Berman, Professor Emeritus of History, Hampshire College
116. Mark LeVine, Professor of History, UC Irvine
117. Steven Gelb, Professor of Education (Retired), University of San Diego
118. Fred Rogers, VP & Treasurer Emeritus, Carleton College
119. Alan Wallach, William and Mary, Professor Emeritus
120. Jacob Serruya, Historian
121. Rabbi Jeremy Milgrom, Israel
122. Ursula Wokoeck, PhD
123. Brooke Daly
124. Dorit Naaman, Professor, Queen’s University
125. Robert Reid, concerned citizen
126. A. George Beeler, Architect
127. Efraim Davidi, Lecturer of History, Tel-Aviv University
128. Yossef Rapoport, Professor of Islamic History, Queen Mary University London
129. Avner Ben-Amos, Professor of History, Tel-Aviv University
130. Kimberly Katz, Professor of History, Towson University
131. Flagg Miller, Professor of Religious Studies, University of California, Davis
132. Kathleen O’Donnell, Professor Emerita, San Francisco State University
133. Emmanuel Szurek, Associate Professor of History, EHESS, Paris
134. Elly Levy, Attorney
135. Sandy Polishuk, Retired oral historian and Adjunct Instructor, Portland State University
136. Persis Karim, Professor, San Francisco State University
137. Yuval Yonay, Sociologist, University of Haifa
138. Constance Griffith, retired
139. Yael Sela, A. von Humboldt Research Fellow, Goethe University Frankfurt
140. Ron Barkai, Professor of History (emeritus), Tel Aviv University
141. Uri Mor, Associate Professor of Hebrew Language, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
142. Adam Hochschild, author
143. Gail Steiner, Activist
144. Allan Potofsky, Professor of History, Université Paris Cité
145. Claire Kahane, Professor Emerita, University at Buffalo
146. Martinez Rocio, History of Art Professor
147. T. Samir, Part-Time Assistant Professor, The New School
148. Drew Levine, Fairchild & Levine LLP
149. Yoav Di-Capua, Professor, UT Austin
150. Michal Sapir, Musician and writer
151. Najib Joe Hakim, Photographer
152. Steven Jordan, Associate Professor, McGill University
153. Hella Cohen, former Associate Professor of English, St. Catherine University
154. Maresi Nerad, Emerita professor, University of Washington
155. Diane L Wolf, Professor Emerita of Sociology and Faculty Assistant to the Vice-Provost, UC Davis
156. Simcha Srebnik, Associate Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia
157. Megan Shaw, Attorney
158. Noa Shaindlinger, Assistant Professor of History, Worcester State University
159. Naomi Richman, International Institute for Trauma Studies, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
160. Angela Ginorio, Emerita Associate Professor of Feminist Studies, University of Washington
161. Betsy Valdes, Activist
162. Lynn Wardley, Former faculty, San Francisco State University
163. Victor Silverman, Emeritus Professor of History, Pomona College
164. Therese Mughannam-Walrath, Peace Activist
165. Michal Sela, International consultant & expert on Palestinian affairs
166. Amanda Horack, MS. Counseling-Student Development in Higher Education, CSULB
167. Zamir Shatz, Artist
168. Arlette Mintzer, clinical psychologist
169. Steven Robins, Professor of Sociology & Social Anthropology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
170. Ira Noveck, Directeur de Recherche, CNRS-Université de Paris-Cité
171. Tali Bitan, Associate Professor, University of Haifa
172. Elliott Green, Professor of Development Studies, London School of Economics
173. Leila Züllighoven, PhD, lawyer
174. Oana Ionescu Firicã, TV producer
175. Dimitra Kolliakou, teacher and writer
176. Noa Levin, Postdoctoral Researcher, Università della Svizzera Italiana
177. Marianne Hirschberg, Professor, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel
178. Jenny Labendz, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, St Francis College
179. Itamar Shapira, Tour operator
180. Pauline Coderre, concerned citizen
181. Isaac (Yanni) Nevo, Assoc. Professor of Philosophy, Ben Gurion University, Israel
182. Earnest Arky Solomon, Jewish educator
183. Robyn Bem, Editor
184. Ruth Zaslansky
185. Deborah T Levenson, Professor of History, Emerita, Boston College
186. Myrna Breitbart, Emerita Professor of Geography and Urban Studies, Hampshire College
187. Susan LaDue, Member, HILR, Harvard
188. Sarah Kittilsen, B.A. Student, McGill University
189. Thomas Weisskopf, Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of Michigan
190. Zohar Eviatar, Profesor Emerita, University of Haifa
191. Elizaveta Strakhov, Associate Professor of English, Marquette University
192. Batya Yelloz, Student
193. Cedric Parizot, Anthropologist & researcher, CNRS, Aix en Provence, France
194. Bard Swallow, PhD Candidate, University of Toronto
195. Summer Star, Associate Professor of English, San Francisco State University
196. Kate Ward, Associate Professor of Theology, Marquette University
197. Yael Shomroni, Artist
198. Shirin Khanmohamadi, Professor, Comparative and World Literature, SFSU
199. Ruth Rosen, Professor Emerita, University of California
200. Barry Ingber
201. Avi Kaplan, Professor of Educational Psychology, Temple University
202. S.C. Kaplan
203. Jennifer L. Derr, Associate Professor of History, University of California, Santa Cruz
204. Deborah Rosenfelt, Professor Emerita, University of Maryland
205. Susan Nakley, Professor of English, St. Joseph’s University, Brooklyn NY
206. Nancy Ries, Professor of Anthropology and Peace and Conflict Studies, Emerita
207. Arlie Hochschild, Professor Emerita, UC Berkeley
208. David Lawton
209. Gilad BenDavid, PhD Candidate, The Graduate Center (CUNY)
210. Jessica Spence Moss, PhD
211. Aviad Albert, postdoctoral researcher, University of Cologne
212. Jean-Pierre Digard, Directeur de recherche honoraire du CNRS, Paris
213. Steve Golin, Professor Emeritus of History, Bloomfield College (NJ)
214. Randy Baker, Appellate attorney
215. Peter Rosenblum, Professor of International Law and Human Rights, Bard College
216. Barbara A. Kidney. Ph.D., NYS Licensed Psychologist in private practice
217. Carol Strauss Sotiropoulos, Professor emerita, Northern Michigan University
218. Claude Calame, directeur d’études, EHESS, Paris
219. Laurie Toner, Activist
220. Phyllis Bloom, Chinese Medicine practitioner
221. Peter Bohmer, Faculty emeritus, The Evergreen State College
222. Adele Cuthbert, Adjunct Professor (retired), Montomery College
223. Ellen W. Echeverria, Associate Prof. of Spanish (Retired) George Washington University
224. Etienne de la Vaissière, Professor of Central Asian History, EHESS Paris
225. Sarah Constantine, Licensed Clinical Psychologist
226. Ran Greenstein, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
227. Cheryl Zatuchni, Artist, writer
228. Steve Breyman, Retired
229. Hal Foster, Towsend Martin ’17 Professor of Art & Archaeology, Princeton University
230. Karen Olsen, Writer
231. Shirley Crenshaw, Psychotherapist
232. Rabbi Ruth Gais
233. Cristina Ruotolo, Professor of Humanities, San Francisco State University
234. Barbara Niederer, CNRS, France
235. Hamid Shahnasser, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, SFSU
236. Caterina Guenzi, Associate Professor, EHESS, France
237. Thomas Bierschenk, Mainz
238. Laura Garcia Moreno, Professor, Humanities and Comparative Literature, SFSU
239. Christelle Rabier, Reader, EHESS (France)
240. Murat Dinc
241. Mojtaba Azadi, Associate Professor, San Francisco State University
242. Karen Miller, Environmental steward
243. Elodie Richard, researcher (history), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/ EHESS
244. Michelle Decker, Associate Professor of English, Scripps College
245. Masood A. Sheikh, Peace Activist
246. Nicolas Sihlé, anthropologist, research fellow at CNRS (France)
247. Clara Lecadet, Anthropologist, French National Center for Scientific Research
248. Nitzan Lebovic, professor of History, Lehigh University
249. Martin Nguyen, Professor of Religious Studies, Fairfield University
250. Yohai Hakak, Senior lecturer in social work, Brunel University London
251. Sharon Cohen, Assistant Professor of Introduction to Visual Culture, Bezalel Academy of Arts, Theater director
252. Nancy C. Arvold, Adjunct Professor of Psychology, California Inst. Integral Studies
253. Luca Gabbiani, Professor of Chinese History, EFEO, Paris
254. Cristina Ciucu, Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Jewish Thought, EHESS, Paris
255. Amy Kilgard, Professor and Chair, Communication Studies, San Francisco State University
256. Jo Salas, writer
257. Risana Chowdhury, Research Fellow, Binghamton University
258. Yarden Dankner, Artist
259. Leïla Tazi, retired professor of medecine, Casablanca University
260. Arthur Camins, Assessment Specialist, Retired
261. Meryem Sebti, Directrice de Recherche CNRS
262. Denis Therien, Emeritus Professor, McGill University
263. Haim Bresheeth-Zabner, Professorial Research Associate, SOAS
264. Catherine Markey, Artist
265. Leonard Sklar, Emeritus Professor of Geosciences, San Franciso State University
266. Shoshana Dreyfus, Associate Professor, University of Wollongong, Australia
267. Nathan Eric Dickman, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of the Ozarks
268. Wayne Klug, Professor of Psychology, Berkshire Community College
269. J Kirshner, Concerned citizen
270. Felicity Figueroa, Community Advocate
271. Moshe Adler, Visiting Associate Professor, SUNY Empire
272. Nancy Stern, Professor, The City College of New York, CUNY
273. Fred Nagel, Retired career counselor, Vassar College
274. Irene Small, Associate Professor, Princeton University
275. Hana Masud, Adjunct Professor of Psychology, Pacifica Graduate Institute
276. Abby M. Schrader, Professor of History, Franklin & Marshall College
277. Farzana Jangbarwala
278. Reuven Shultz, Peace Now supporter
279. Joan Nestle, writer, archivist
280. Huw Price, Emeritus Bertrand Russell Professor, Cambridge
281. Mieka Polanco, gender-based violence specialist
282. Renee Worringer, Professor, University of Guelph
283. J. A. Bernstein, Associate Professor of English, University of Southern Mississippi
284. Colin Macleod, Professor of Philosophy and Law, University of Victoria
285. Aubrey Blecher, Mathematician, University of Witwatersrand
286. Thomas Heyd, Lecturer, University of Victoria
287. Alison Moore, Associate Professor of English Language & Linguistics, University of Wollongong
288. Brian A. Schwartz, PhD, Career & Life Design Psychologist
289. Pablo Blitstein, EHESS, Paris
290. François Burgat, Former DR CNRS IREMAM (France)
291. Hugh Govan, Adjunct Senior Fellow, University of the South Pacific
292. Sandra Kloff, Independant marine biologist
293. Debbie Becher, Associate Professor of Sociology, Barnard College
294. Arie Meidav, US and Israeli concerned citizen
295. Andréa Finger, PhD Environment and forestry, consultant, Geneva
296. Marie Ladier-Fouladi, demographer and sociologist, senior researcher, CNRS -Paris
297. Gildas Salmon, Researcher (Philosophy), CNRS, Paris
298. David Pena-Guzman, Associate Professor, SFSU
299. Michel Pimbert, Professor Emeritus, Coventry University, UK
300. Choleh Chafaie, Professor of Cross Cultural Management, Sorbonne University, France
301. Richard David, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago
302. Stephen R. Shalom, Emeritus, Political Science, William Paterson University
303. Madeleine Segall-Marx, Sculptor
304. Ana Paredes, Professor, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico
305. Susan Crosby, National Board Certified Teacher (retired)
306. Nasser Mohajer, Independant Historian of Modern Iran
307. Alana Roth, Legal Services of the Hudson Valley
308. Joy Howse
309. Michael R. Jackson, Research Professor, Earlham College
310. Satyel Larson, Assistant Professor of Near Eastern Studies, Princeton University
311. L. Mullenneaux, Columbia University
312. Greg Anderson, Professor of History, Ohio State University
313. Colin Anderson, Associate Professor, University of Vermont
314. Deborah Garber, Artist
315. Karen Walasek, Doctoral Candidate, Prescott College
316. Elena Miska, Creative Director
317. Alain Jehlen, journalist
318. Elena Aoun, Associate professor of International relations, UCLouvain
319. John Ehrenberg, Senior Professor Emeritus, Long Island University
320. Thoraya Muhammad
321. Yair Wallach, Associate Professor in Israeli Studies, SOAS, University of London
322. Ceren Baysan, Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Toronto
323. Shaun Marmon, Associate Professor Religion, Princeton University
324. Mary Pampalk, Women in Black
325. Barry Trachtenberg, Rubin Presidential Chair of Jewish History, Wake Forest University
326. Shira Avni, Associate Professor, Concordia University
327. John Newhouse
328. Betsy Smith, Retired Professor of ESL
329. April Heaslip, Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern New Hampshire University
330. Ronnie C. Lesser, Ph. D., psychoanalyst
331. Noah Miska, LMSW
332. David Laibman, Professor of Economics (Emeritus), City University of New York
333. Helen Hughes-Brock, archaeologist, independent scholar, Oxford
334. Carl Gelderloos, Associate Professor of German Studies, Binghamton University (SUNY)
335. Irene Fellmann, former member of the International Task Force on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research
336. Assaf Kfoury, Professor of Computer Science, Boston University
337. Patrizia Longo, Professor of Politics, Saint Mary’s College of California
338. Helen Brock, archaeologist, Oxford
339. Janis Alcorn, Ph.D
340. Carlos Canas, Systems Engineer
341. Bruce N. Fisk, Professor of Religious Studies, Westmont College (retired)
342. Anne C. Bernstein, Professor Emerita, The Wright Institute
343. Lynn Sableman
344. Preston J. Werner, Senior Lecturer (Philosophy), Hebrew University of Jerusalem
345. WD Lemke, Head Librarian (ret) German Institute Oriental Studies Beirut Istanbul
346. Doug Tarnopol, Instructional Designer and Private Tutor
347. Arturo Marzano, Associate Professor, University of Pisa
348. Henning Melber, Extraordinary Professor, University of Pretoria
349. Anthony Chase, International relations professor, Occidental College
350. Carina Ray, Associate Professor of History, University of Michigan
351. Rabbi Suzanne Griffel, Chicago, IL
352. Franke Wilmer, University of Colorado
353. Manar Sabry
354. Daniel Bannoura, PhD candidate, University of Notre Dame
355. Christian Chatelain
356. Barry Cohen, Associate Dean College of Computing, NJIT (retired)
357. Josiane Olff-Nathan, University of Strasbourg, France
358. Enzo Traverso, Professor in the Humanities, Cornell University
359. Lori Ginzberg, Professor emeritus of History & WGSS, Penn State
360. Genie Silver, Ph.D., Former Lecturer, Bryn Mawr College
361. Håvar Knutsen, Hematologist
362. Farhad Khosrokhavar, Emeritus professor at Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris
363. Joan Hazbun, Retired High School teacher
364. Jennifer Duskey
365. Mark Schafer, Senior Lecturer, University of Massachusetts Boston
366. Ilise Cohen, Scholar-Activist
367. Connie Sosnoff
368. Dean Christ, Pathology Director, Retired
369. Brooke Maddux, PhD candidate Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne and MD
370. Eugene Epstein, PhD Psychologist
371. Henri Picciotto, Math educator
372. David Mandel, Human Rights Attorney
373. Benjamin Ben-Baruch, Former Jewish educator
374. Farouq Shafie, Ph.D, RPh
375. Anjali Choksi, Professor, Dawson College, Montreal
376. Barbara Eisold, Psychologist, NYU
377. David Abram, Director, Alliance for Wild Ethics (AWE)
378. Kapil Raj, Professor, EHESS, Paris, France
379. Stephen Soldz, Professor, Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis
380. Mary Lounsbury, PhD
381. Ahmad Ganji, Professor of Engineering, San Francisco State University
382. Rob Dalrymple, Director of Determinetruth
383. Alma Albert, Art Conservator
384. Anthony Gad Bigio, World Bank alumnus
385. E. Arnon, Retiree
386. George Siemensma
387. Eyal Sivan, Filmmaker & independent researcher
388. Miriyam Glazer, Rabbi & PhD, Professor Emerita, American Jewish University
389. María Hantzopoulos, Professor of Education, Vassar College
390. Tatyana Kleyn, Professor of Bilingual Education, The City College of New York, CUNY
391. Sam Shuman, Visiting Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Davidson College
392. Guy Levi, Art of Learning Innovation
393. Leah Even Chorev
394. Aria Fani, Assistant Professor of Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures, University of Washington
395. Judith B. Kerman, Ph.D., Professor Emerita of English, Saginaw Valley State University
396. Adi M. Ophir, Visiting Professor, Brown University
397. Robert Lieberman, Retired teacher
398. Anastasia Mann, Lecturer, Princeton University School of Public & International Affairs
399. Erica Schoenberg, Ph.D., Psychoanalyst
400. Rabbi David Mivasair, Ahavat Olam Synagogue
401. Nancy Chien-Eriksen, Professional artist and teacher
402. Sherry J Katz, Lecturer Emerita, San Francisco State University
403. Robert Ambaras
404. Abbas Amanat, William Sumner Professor Emeritus of History, Yale University
405. Judith Berlowitz, Mills College, retired
406. Anat Biletzki, Albert Schweitzer Professor of Philosophy, Quinnipiac University
407. Jeffrey Cooper, retired Professor of History, Claremont McKenna College & Santa Monica College
408. Kathy Wazana, Documentary Filmmaker
409. Brigitta Schildknecht, Dancer, Singer
410. Hamutal Zur, Translator
411. Ethel Renate Jaeger, Psychoanalyst
412. Derek Brian Gripper, Maths Educator, Cape Town
413. Clea McNeely, Research Professor, Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
414. Selim Kuru, Associate Professor, University of Washington
415. Silvia Helena Lopes Pires, Masters student, EHESS
416. David Ozonoff, Professor Emeritus, Boston University School of Public Health
417. Christopher Pollmann, Professor of Public Law, Université de Lorraine, France
418. Helen Langa, Associate Professor Emerita, American University
419. Ramzi Suleiman, Professor Emritus of Psychology and Economics, University of Haifa
420. Robert Weinberg, Isaac Clothier Professor of History, Swarthmore College
421. Rebecca Garrett, Artist
422. Meenal Mamdani, Assistant Professor of Neurology (retd), Loyola University, Chicago
423. Adriana Aristizabal
424. Sarah Covington, Professor, City University of New York
425. Richard W. Franke, Professor Emeritus, Anthropology, Montclair State University
426. Suzy C., JVP Atlanta
427. Howard Tzvi Adelman, Retired, Director, Jewish Studies, Queen’s University
428. Brenda Longfellow, Professor, York University, Toronto
429. Sharon Lax, Teacher, Author, Editor
430. Nina Nissen, PhD, socio-cultural anthropologist
431. Alex Bay, Associate Professor of History, Chapman University
432. Bert Terpstra, Mathematician
433. Lisa LaSalle, Professor, California State University-Monterey Bay
434. Eran Fisher, Associate Professor, The Open University of Israel
435. Anders Klemetsen, Professor of Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway
436. Barbara Regenspan, Emerita Professor of Educational Studies, Colgate University
437. Carola Mathers, Psychiatrist (retired)
438. Bernd Hummes
439. Susanne Krueger-Hummes, Teacher
440. Michelle Mason Bizri, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Minnesota
441. Francis Kern, Professor (emeritus),Strasbourg University
442. Christopher Rose, Assistant Professor and Program Head, History, Our Lady of the Lake University
443. Eleanor Friedman, co-founder New Israel Fund
444. Gloria Rudolf, Anthropologist, University of Pittsburgh
445. Robert Shapiro, Adjunct Professor of Chemistry, Mount Wachusett Community College
446. David Getz, Former Principal, NYC Department of Education
447. Laura Troutman, MA, Columbia University
448. Leslie Schwartz Leff, LICSW, Clinical social worker and educator
449. Joy Ladin, Writer
450. Margaret Power, Professor Emerita, Illinois Tech
451. Mikael Levin, Artist
452. Riva Hocherman, Book Editor
453. Kees Schepers, Associate Professor of Literature, Antwerp University
454. Ronnie C. Lesser, Ph.D., Psychoanalyst
455. Joseph Auslander, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, University of Maryland
456. Phyllis Ewen, Artist
457. Sasha Kuczynski, Lecturer, Communication Studies, California State University, Long Beach
458. Marc David, Emeritus professor, Antwerp University
459. Robert Cohen, International communication consultant
460. Lyn Mehl, Lutheran pastor
461. Kiki Munshi, US Foreign Service (retired)
462. Rhonda F Levine, Professor of Sociology, Emerita, Colgate University
463. Joy Dworkin, Professor of English (ret.), Missouri Southern State University
464. A.I. Silver, Dept of History, University of Toronto (ret.)
465. Jonathan Graubart, Professor of Political Science, San Diego State University
466. Shaker Chuck Farah, Full Professor, University of São Paulo
467. Jenny Jones, Teacher
468. Cynthia Chris, Professor, College of Staten Island CUNY
469. Joel Whitebook, Psychoanalyst, Columbia University
470. Jordan Bridges, graduate student of philosophy, Rutgers New Brunswick
471. Vanessa Berg, retired, Leines, Norway
472. Francesca Morgan, Professor of History, Northeastern Illinois University
473. Angela Godfrey-Goldstein, Jerusalem. Actor; human rights & peace activist; painter; writer; teacher (Beit Zvi).
474. Marcia G. Yerman, Writer/Artist/Activist
475. Lawrence Jacobson, Ph.D., Faculty, W.A. White Institute of Psychoanalysis, NY
476. Elizabeth Zoob, Psychotherapist
477. Laura Mullen, Writer
478. Paul Blain Levy, Reader, University of Birmingham
479. Monica Frölander-Ulf, Associate Professor Emerita, University of Pittsburgh Johnstown
480. Janine Jones, PhD, UT Austin
481. Jonathan Portes, Professor of Economics and Public Policy, King’s College London
482. Amanda Minervini, Assistant Professor, Italian Studies, Colorado College
483. Stephanie Buechler, Associate Research Professor, Penn State College
484. O. Nigel Bolland, Professor of Sociology and Caribbean Studies, emeritus, Colgate University
485. Zachary Levenson, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Florida International University
486. Joseph Schmitz, Associate Professor, emeritus, Western Illinois University; Retired USAF pilot
487. Richard Ganulin, Civil Rights Lawyer
488. Saeb Rawashdeh, Editor of International news, The Jordan Times
489. Bernhard Klinghammer, medical doctor
490. Einor Cervone, Associate curator, Denver Art Museum
491. Erika Shea, Family Nurse Practitioner
492. Simkha Y. Weintraub, Retired Rabbinic Director, Jewish Board of Family and Children’s Services, New York
493. Nathan Nossal, Toyama Prefectural University Department of Engineering
494. Mohammed Nachtaoui, Professor, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
495. Nelson Kasfir, Professor of Government Emeritus, Dartmouth College
496. Mona Acker, Professor Emerita, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
497. Katherine McCaffrey, Professor of Anthropology, Montclair State University
498. Julie Diamond, Retired New York City elementary school teacher and adjunct professor, CCNY
499. J. Mark Davidson, Voices for Justice in Palestine
500. Gregory Randall, Professor, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
501. Hester Eisenstein, Professor Emerita, City University of New York
502. Maynard Seider, Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts
503. Thomas Jay Lynn, Associate Professor of English, Penn State Berks
504. Julio A. Urbina, Emeritus Investigator, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC)
505. Janet Theophano, retired Assistant Professor of Folklore, University of Pennsylvania
506. Norbert Hornstein, Professor Emeritus of Linguistics, University of Maryland College Park
507. Marion Werner, Professor of Geography, University at Buffalo, SUNY
508. Joel Weisberg, Stark Prof. Emeritus of Physics & Astronomy, Carleton College, MN
509. Lisa Schlesinger, Playwright and librettist
510. Nick White, Albion Systems
511. Jules Mermelstein, Jewish educator
512. Benjamin N Schiff, Emeritus Professor of Politics and International Law, Oberlin College
513. Mohammad Afzal Shadab, Graduate Student and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Graduate Fellow
514. Hossein Akhlaghpour, ML Engineer
515. Sarah Romano, Associate Professor of Political Science and Global Studies, Lesley University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
516. Gloria Young, Public Anthropologist
517. Richard Van Dellen, retired physician
518. Azita Yazdani, Engineer
519. Vahid Akbari, Assistant Professor of AI, University of Stirling
520. Mina Tavakolzadeh, Graduate Student
521. Tolga Turan, Principal Scientist
522. Nafisa Tanjeem, Associate Professor, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Worcester State University
523. Vinodha Joly, Psychotherapist, Ex-Computer Engineer
524. Koohyar Minoo, Philanthropist
525. Sajay Samuel, Clinical Professor of Accounting, Penn State University
526. Jonathan Miran, Professor of History, Western Washington University
527. Tom Buffo
528. Jane Ariel, Psychologist
529. Mazi Taghivand, Technologist
530. Miriyam Glazer, Rabbi & PhD, Professor Emerita, American Jewish University
531. Jonathan Preminger, Senior Lecturer in Management, Cardiff University
532. Millet Treinin, Associate Professor, Hebrew University
533. Gloria Burd
534. Adam Wilkins, Guest Scientist, Institute of Theoretical Biology, Humbold Universität zu Berlin
535. Nadav Assor, Associate Professor of Studio Art, Connecticut College
536. Hossein Renani, Professional Engineer
537. Gideon Freudenthal, Prof (em.), Tel Aviv University
538. Sara Carmeli, Ph.D
539. Zameer Katwal, IT Engineer at Hexaware Technologies
540. Mireille Gleizes, Pianist
541. Emily McDonald, Researcher/Policy Officer
542. Cham Morad
543. Marco Garrone, Emergency Physician
544. Ashish Kothari, Researcher, Pune, India
545. Farhan Humayun, Institute of Space Technology
546. Mahdi Razavi, Brain Scientist
547. Selma Hasimbegovic, Ophthalmologist, Cataract surgeon
548. Ruth Luschnat, Case worker, Berlin
549. Véroniquqe Nahoum-Grappe, chercheure en sciences sociales Paris
550. Francesca Klug, Visiting Professor, LSE Human Rights
551. Martin Adel, Ass.Prof. of Soc.& Cult. Studies, Univ. Vienna
552. Suliman AlFayoumi, Principal Clinical Pharmacology Consultant
553. Lejla Zametica, Physician
554. Deirdre Ruscitti Harshman, Assistant Professor of History, Christopher Newport University
555. Jerome Bourdon, Professor of Communication, Tel Aviv University, Associate Researcher, Paris 2 University
556. Kurt Bader, PhD
557. Richard Pennington
558. Kirsten Leefhelm, Psychoanalyst
559. Shahryar Gheibi, Associate Professor of Business Analytics, Siena College
560. Vincent Bonin, Associate Professor, Catholic University of Leuven
561. Kavita Ramdas, Visiting Professor, Princeton University, School of Public and International Affairs
562. Françoise Willmann, enseignant-chercheur émérite, Université de Lorraine
563. Isabel Casimiro, Associate Professor, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique
564. Richard Temple, Archivist
565. Leah Hager Cohen, Barrett Professor of Creative Writing, College of the Holy Cross
566. Naomi Guttman, Professor of Literature and Creative Writing, Hamilton College
567. W Bruce Benson, Chaplain, retired, St. Olaf College
568. Gerald Hoekstra, Professor Emeritus of Music, St. Olaf College
569. Nicole Morse, Associate Professor, Florida Atlantic University
570. Natasha Zaretsky, Professor of History, University of Alabama at Birmingham
571. Amirhosein Vedadi, Researcher, University of Tehran
572. Nausikaä El-Mecky, Assistant Professor of Art History, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona
573. Anna Moltchanova, Professor of Philosophy, Carleton College
574. Sandra Rousseau, Associate Professor of Francophone Studies, Carleton College
575. Samia Rachid, Master of Science Student & Frontend Developer
576. Gretchen Willging, retired, Community College of Baltimore County
577. Jonathan Lebolt, PhD, Psychoanalyst
578. Brett Johnson, University of Strasbourg
579. Sebastian Brock, emeritus, Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Oxford University
580. Christine Ho, Professor Emeritus, Fielding Graduate University
581. Joseph Levine, Professor of Philosophy, University of Massachusetts Amherst
582. Rowland Selame, Psychologist
583. Asjad Yahya, Finance Professional
584. Rabbi Sheila Peltz Weinberg
585. Kenneth Barnes, M.D., Jewish Voice for Peace
586. Kathleen Engel, Research Professor of Law, Suffolk University
587. Anita Chikkatur, Professor of Educational Studies, Carleton College
588. Linda Mokdad, Associate Professor, St. Olaf College
589. Margaret Beissinger, Research Scholar/Lecturer, Slavic Languages & Literatures, Princeton University
590. Aaron Katz, Principal Lecturer Emeritus, University of Washington School of Public Health
591. Nastaran Zadeh, Data Scientist
592. Lisa Gray
593. Matthew J. Scholtes, Tactile Manager, Audio & Braille Literacy Enhancement
594. E David Emery, Emeritus Prof. St. Olaf College
595. Howard Johnson, Professor of history and Black American Studies, University of Delaware, Emeritus
596. Alireza Amini, Structural Engineer
597. Asher Fried, Political Science
598. Simon Robins, Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Applied Human Rights, University of York
599. Charles Ayash, Jazz Musician
600. Linda Bevis, ELL Teacher, North Seattle College
601. Zeynab Sh
602. Neil Vickers, Professor of English, King’s College London
603. David Howard, Robert Burns Fellow 2013, Otago University
604. Sara Avery, Violinist
605. Alice Holemans, Activist
606. Frieda Afary, Iranian American librarian, translator, author, Los Angeles
607. Hila Lernau
608. Kiarash Farahmand, PhD in Geological Engineering
609. Iacovos Psaltis, Dr. of Professional Studies in Educational Management
610. Jon Simons, Retired academic, UK
611. Martha Schoolman, Associate Professor of English, Florida International University
612. Gösta Hellström, Senior lecturer in Medical Engineering, Karolinska Institutet
613. Jette Braun
614. William P Mitchell, Professor Emeritus, Monmouth University
615. Mark Hudson, Retired Librarian, Pittsburgh, PA, US
616. Juliane Schicker, Associate Professor of German, Carleton College
617. Al Kagan, Professor of Library Administration Emeritus, University of Illinois
618. Hamid Rategh, Technologist
619. Jeremy Ironside, Rural Development consultant
620. Kristofer J. Petersen-Overton, History and Society, Babson College
621. Takashi Nakamura, Mathematics Instructor, British Columbia Institute of Technology
622. Stan Smith Professor Emeritus in English, Nottingham Trent University, UK
623. Alan Munton, Honorary Research Fellow, University of Exeter, UK
624. Allan Kulikoff, Emeritus History Professor University of Georgia
625. Karen Adler, Historian and psychotherapist
626. Ellen W. Echeverria, (Ret.) Associate Professor of Spanish, George Washington University
627. Werner Lange, Retired professor
628. Peri Levin McKenna
629. Laura Punnett, Professor Emerita of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell
630. Mohammad Akbarsha
631. Fred Block, Professor of Sociology, UC Davis
632. Thalia Drori Ramirez, Lecturer, CLA, University of Minnesota
633. Jennifer Yanco, Research Affiliate, Boston University African Studies Center
634. Elisabeth Waingrow, Social worker
635. Patricia Eakins, Fiction writer and author
636. Isabel Sobral Campos, Teaching Professor, Northeastern University
637. Subash Bastola, Ground Control Engineer, Vale Base Metals
638. Carolina Franco, Clinical Psychologist
639. Iveta Jusova, Professor of GWSS, Carleton College
640. Bob Heymann
641. Bea Dewing
642. Alan Feigenberg
643. René Jean, Teacher
644. Pedro Saadé-Lloréns, Adjunct Prof., Environmental Law Clinic , University of Puerto Rico Law School
645. Angela Guerrero
646. Jazzie Terrell, PhD student
647. Rev Dr E-K Daufin, author of On Fat And Faith
648. Tony Litwinko, Retired
649. Giovanna Scruby, Artist
650. Itay Zutra, Instructor, University of Manitoba
651. Anand Patwardhan, Filmmaker
652. Lawrence Marceau, Senior Lecturer (ret.), University of Auckland
653. Mark Charles Rosenzweig, Retired university librarian and archivist
654. Perrine Olff-Rastegar, UJFP et CJACP
655. Jeffrey Cooper, Professor emeritus, Santa Monica College
656. Jodie Evans, co-founder CODEPINK
657. Nils Wauschkuhn, Physicist, Berlin
658. Mourad Zerroug, Ph.D., Technology Executive, Los Angeles CA
659. Mary Ford, Ret. Psychology Professor, Vocalist, Philanthropist
660. Dr. Penny Rosenwasser, Interdisciplinary Studies, City College of San Francisco
661. Eric Leonard, Research Director, French Institute for Development Research
662. Daryl Glaser, Professor of Political Studies, University of Witwatersrand
663. Tanya Ury, Artist, writer, activist
664. Frank Stappaerts
665. Adam Farhi
666. Hans Martin Seip, Professor emeritus, University of Oslo
667. Sergio Couto, Universidad de Granada
668. John Halle, Composer & pianist
669. Ofer Neiman, Translator
670. Mehdi Ebrahimzadeh
671. Shai Ginsburg, Associate Professor, Duke University
672. Maya Rosenfeld, Sociologist, Hebrew University and Sapir College
673. Paul Sein Twa, Defender of Environmental and Indigenous Peoples Rights, Burma/Myanmar
674. Ron Amit
675. Catherine Raphael, Artist & Writer
676. Sandro Ventura, Psychiatrist
677. Ellen Goldfinch, Retired Librarian
678. John Munro, Lecturer in History, University of Birmingham
679. David Cannon, Chair of Jewish Network for Palestine (UK)
680. B.H. Yael, Professor, OCAD University
681. Jacqueline Goldman, Project Director, Brown University
682. Pfefferkorn Roland, Professor Emeritus of Sociology, Strasbourg
683. Ari Zighelboim, Retired, Tulane University
684. Peggy L Curchack, Retired career advisor, University of Pennsylvania
685. Ellen L. Dohmen, Chair of Racial Justice Book Group, Bar Harbor, MaineGroup, Bar Harbor, Maine
686. Heather McLaughlin, Assistant Professor of Art Therapy, Concordia University
687. Georgia Berner
688. Janet Penn, Activist
689. Muhammad Ali, Muslim American Poet and Mental Health Therapist
690. Mary Stranahan, Retired medical doctor
691. Amittai Aviram, Associate Professor of Computer Science, Boston College
692. Rahel Daniela Schneider
693. Karen Miyares, Retired clergy and social worker
694. Gabriel Smith, Architect & Artist
695. Shawn Fremstad, Director of Law & Political Economy, CEPR
696. Margaret Newell
697. Regina Birchem, Ph.D., Independent Scholar
698. Meera Sehgal, Associate Professor of Sociology, Carleton College
699. Kevin Bruyneel, Professor of Politics, Babson College
700. Georgina McAllister, Asst. Prof, Centre for Agroecology, Water & Resilience. Coventry University
701. Helene Klodawsky, Documentary Filmmaker
702. Brian Rothberg, Teacher
703. Lubna Mian, Adjunct Professor of Law, Penn Carey Law School
704. Louette Colombano
705. Reine Meylaerts, Professor, KU Leuven, Belgium
706. Philippe Lavigne Delville, Anthropologist, Institut de recherche pour le développement, France
707. Keith P. Feldman, Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies, UC Berkeley
708. Elizabeth King , Ordained Minister, United Church of Christ
709. Stephen Benson, Psychologist
710. James Holden, Retired Professor of Education, St. Olaf College
711. Pietro Calabretta, Artist and PhD candidate
712. Ian Mutchnick, Assistant Professor, Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Louisville
713. Ondine Rarey, Adjunct Professor of Documentary Editing, Chapman University
714. Loraine Chiarello
715. Lisa Schneier, Professor of Education, Emmanuel College
716. Diane Halcoussis, Instructor
717. Marie-Christine Skuncke, Emerita Professor of Literature, Uppsala University
718. Maia Ettinger, Author and Translator
719. Sandra Dijkstra, Literary Agent
720. Elise Capron, Literary Agent
721. Sabine Huppert, Writer
722. Nicholas Van Orden, Publishing Professional
723. Julia Stein, Writer & Editor
724. Heide Estes, Professor of English, Monmouth University (NJ)
725. Leonard Robbins, Professor Emeritus, Michigan State University, Professor (retired), Università degli Studi di Siena
726. Moslem Noori, PhD, Principal scientist
727. Patricia C Vener-Saavedra, Artist and Assistant Adjunct Professor UMUC, Emerita
728. Mark Curchack, Assistant Professor of Anthropology (Retired), Arcadia University
729. Judith Aistleitner, Teacher
730. Jennifer Birkett, Emeritus Professor, Birmingham University UK
731. Alicia Koutsoulieris
732. Thao Le, Literary Agent, Sandra Dijkstra Literary Agency
733. Hanna Noreiks
734. Louise Antony, Professor of Philosophy Emerita, University of Massachusetts
735. Michelle Melanson, MSW, RSW, Psychotherapist
736. Dena S. Davis, Professor Emerita, Religion Studies, Lehigh University
737. Rani Lill Anjum, Researcher of Philosophy, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
738. Andrew Klatt, Lecturer in Romance Studies (retired), Tufts University
739. Carla Harryman, Poet and Professor of English, Eastern Michigan University
740. Elena Rivera, Poet & Translator
741. Donna Baines, Professor & Former Director, Social Work, University of British Columbia
742. B. Jurdant, Université Paris Cité
743. Lois B. Watson, Professor Emerita of French Studies, Middlebury College
744. Anne Mullen, Reading Specialist
745. Sayera Hossain, Construction Project Manager
746. Ellen Oxfeld, Professor of Anthropology, Middlebury College
747. Britta Boyer PhD, Loughborough University, London
748. LJ White, Assistant Professor of Core Studies, Boston Conservatory at Berklee
749. Alfred Horsley, Musician
750. Shannon Still
751. Harriet Lipowitz, Retired instructor of English as a Second Language
752. Laurie Essig, Professor, Middlebury College
753. Derek D’Sa, Retired Faculty, Cal State Northridge
754. Peter Ford, Assistant Professor of Islamic Studies (retired), Near East School of Theology, Beirut
755. Yuniya Edi Kwon, Lecturer and Arts Fellow, Princeton University
756. Yumna Siddiqi, Associate Professor of English, Middlebury College
757. Sandra Folzer, Professor (retired), Community College of Philadelphia
758. Michael Gnat, Actor & Academic Editor
759. Amit Prakash, VAP of Global Studies, Middlebury College
760. Daniel F. Silva, Associate Professor of Luso-Hispanic Studies and Black Studies, Middlebury College
761. Merrick Rossein Professor of Law, City University of New York School of Law
762. Judah Adashi, Faculty, Johns Hopkins University
763. Dr. Lauren Whitmer, University of Michigan
764. Patricia Saunders, Poet, Editor, Teacher, Seattle
765. Kristin Hanson, Professor of English, University of California, Berkeley
766. Nawal El Meouchi, Political activist
767. Neda Shahidi, Principal Investigator in Neuroscience, University of Goettingen
768. Samir Okasha, Professor of Philosophy, University of Bristol
769. Molly Holshouser, Nurse Practitioner
770. Birgitte Rahbek, Cultural Sociologist
771. Benjamin Fasching-Gray, Academic Librarian
772. María del Mar Sánchez Vivancos, Teacher
773. Susan DeSimone, Associate Laboratory Professor, Middlebury College
774. Iris Hefets, Psychoanalyst, JVP-Germany
775. K. Cyr, Interlibrary Loan Associate
776. Kari Wolfe Borni, Dance Scholar, Middlebury College
777. David Comedi, Principal Researcher and Associate Professor of Physics, National University of Tucumán, Argentina
778. Marion Wells, Professor of English
779. Adrian R. Lewis, Professor, University of Kansa
780. Eryk Stacy, Lecturer, retired, Mechanical Engineering at CSU Fullerton
781. Loren Halfon
782. Kirsten K. Coe, Assistant Professor of Biology, Middlebury College
783. Jonathan E. Hill, Professor Emeritus of English, St Olaf College
784. Pauline Dishler, Healthcare worker
785. M. Eleanor Nevins, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Middlebury College
786. Sarah Rogers, Visiting Assistant of History of Art and Architecture, Middlebury College
787. Adriana Estill, M.A. and A.D. Hulings Professor of American Studies and English, Carleton College
788. Rachel Price, Associate Professor of Spanish & Portuguese, Princeton University
789. Aisha Shah
790. Erica Fischer, Author
791. Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, Professor of Religion, Carleton College
792. Hugo Ceron-Anaya, Associate Professor Sociology, Lehigh University
793. Rachael Joo, Associate Professor, American Studies
794. Russell Vandenbroucke, Professor Emeritus, University of Louisville
795. Carlos Davidson, Professor Emeritus, San Francisco State University
796. Andrew Shapiro, PhD Candidate, City University of New York
797. Marilyn Bronstein, Artist
798. Michal Givoni, Senior Lecturer in political theory, Ben Gurion University
799. Darcy Copeland, Harvard University, PhD student & composer
800. Richard Ruppel, English Professor, Chapman University
801. W. Russell Anderson, Architect
802. Mohammad Jarrahi, Associate Professor, UNC Chapel Hill
803. Marcella Durand, Poet
804. Anat Matar, Senior Lecturer, Philosophy Department, Tel Aviv University
805. Revital Madar, Postdoctoral Fellow, European University Institute
806. Alexandra Brown, Artist, UK
807. Oded Na’aman, Senior Lecturer, Hebrew University
808. Ali Moalem, Assistant Professor of Radiology, Columbia University
809. Rabbi Brian Walt, Rabbi Emeritus, Mishkan Shalom
810. Fareed Munir, Professor of Religious Studies, Siena College
811. Annette Feld, Psychoanalyst, New Lacanian School, WAP
812. Caglayan Baser, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Syracuse University
813. George Dameron, Emeritus Professor of History, Saint Michael’s College
814. Haneen Zoabi, Activist
815. Martha Sweezy, Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School
816. Dale Mendoza, Children’s book author
817. Jocelyn Leitzinger, Assistant Professor, University of Illinois Chicago
818. Mahd Zarghami, University of Tehran
819. Phd, K. N. Toosi University of Technology
820. Lauren Newhouse
821. Misagh Parsa, Professor Emeritus of Sociology, Dartmouth College
822. Mahmood Monshipouri, Professor of International Relations, San Francisco State University
823. Ali Akbar Mahdi, Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Ohio Wesleyan University
824. Mojtaba Taiebat, PhD, Sr. Technical Program Manager AWS
825. Cyrus Bina, Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of Minnesota
826. Valentine M. Moghadam, Professor of Sociology and International Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston
827. Ali Ahmad, Tehran university
828. Mahmood Hakak, Professor of Theatre, Siena College
829. Himmat Zoubi, Researcher, EUME, Berlin
830. Lynellyn Long, Humanitarian worker
831. Yasmeen Daher, Academic
832. Vasuki Nesia, Professor of Human Rights and International Law, The Gallatin School, NYU
833. Ahmed Abbes, Mathematician, Paris
834. Niv Perelsztejn, PhD Candidate, Haifa University
835. Jamal Mimouni, Astrophysics Professor, Univ. of Constantine, Algeria
836. Orna Rinat, Journalist of animals rights, “Haaretz”
837. Ronen Wolf
838. Lily Truabmann, Feminist
839. Udi Adiv, PhD, Open University
840. Yossi Wolfson, Teaching Associate, Tel Aviv University
841. Bilha Golan Sundermann
842. Michal Braier, Urban Planner and Researcher, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
843. Ron Naiweld, Resercher, CNRS-EHESS
844. Keren Assaf, Graduate assistant, University of New Mexico
845. Sonia Dayan-Herzbrun, Professor Emerita, Université Paris Cité
846. Mahmoud Sadri, Professor of Sociology, Texas Women’s University
847. Michael Cooper, Professor of Pediatric Cardiology (retired), UCSF-Benioff Children’s Hospital
848. Hannah Safran, Haifa Feminist Institute
849. Catherine Goldstein, Director of research at the CNRS, Paris
850. Arlene Richman, Artist
851. Sara Moreno, Special Education Teacher
852. Shir Alon, Assistant Professor of Middle Eastern Studies, UMN
853. Ophira Gamliel, Lecturer in South Asian Religions, University of Glasgow
854. Jennifer Tomkins, Donor and activist
855. Dania Thomas, Assistant Professor, Glasgow University
856. Charkles E. Jones, Tombros Librarian for Classics and Humanities, Penn State University
857. Giovanni Picker, Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Glasgow (UK)
858. Ben Fulford, Senior Lecturer in Theology, University of Chester
859. Marcelo Svirsky, Senior Lecturer, University of Wollongong
860. Netta Naaman, Curator
861. Yazid Ben Hounet, CNRS Researcher, Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Sociale
862. Dee Horne, Professor Emerita, University of Northern British Columbia
863. Dana Lloyd, Assistant Professor of Global Interdisciplinary Studies, Villanova University
864. Grant Freeman, Musician
865. Alexandra O’Brien, Former Adjunct Professor of Ancient Near Eastern Studies, University of Chicago
866. Jay Weber, Adjunct Faculty, Wentworth Institute of Technology
867. Nadav Amir, Postdoctoral Fellow, Princeton University
868. Abraham Mizrachi
869. Tom Pessah, Sociologist
870. William Kumbier, Professor Emeritus, Missouri Southern State University
871. Andrea Schafer
872. Uri Bitan
873. Tamir Swissa, Teaching Assistant, Tel Aviv University
874. Daniel Falk, Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, Penn State University
875. Max Likin, Board member, Freedom Education Project Puget Sound
876. Michael Stuart, Lecturer in Philosophy, University of York
877. Yiftach Starick, Musician
878. Haim Yacobi, Professor of Development Planning, University Colllege London
879. Shlomit Ferguson , Psychotherapist, NI
880. Itamar Haritan, Doctoral candidate, Cornell University
881. Maria Stepanov, Activist
882. Atiyeh Vahidmanesh, Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Tehran
883. Annick Suzor-Weiner, Professor Emeritus, University Paris-Saclay, Mare Nostrum Prize, French Commission for UNESCO
884. Galit Ferguson, Psychotherapist, London
885. Ira Kontorovsky, Clinical Psychologist
886. Le Page, Museum Educator
887. Richard Mynick, ER Physician (retired)
888. Arie Meidav, Concerned US and Israeli citizen
889. Eva Wohllaib, Psychotherapist
890. Michel Volovitch, Professor emeritus, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris
891. Claire Jones, Zimfest Coordinator
892. Rich Siegel, free-lance musician and music educator
893. Sophie Vriz, Professor, Université Paris Cité
894. Johanna Sellman, Associate Professor of Arabic Literature, The Ohio State University
895. Maor Zeev-Wolf, Assistant Professor, Ben Gurion University, Israel
896. Esti Micenmacher
897. Leah Yael Levy, Teaching Artist
898. Ertan Salik, Professor of Physics, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
899. Esther Rapoport, Psychologist
900. Brenda Griffith-Williams, Honorary Research Associate, Department of Greek and Latin, University College London
901. Andrea Cherez, Engaged Citizen
902. Rowland A Selame, Psychologist
903. Charles Hawksley, PhD, University of Wollongong, Australia
904. Irus Braverman, Professor of Law, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
905. Alan Thompson, Photographer
906. Neve Gordon, Professor of human rights and humanitarian law, Queen Mary University of London; Vice President of the British Society for Middle East Studies
907. Itamar Shachar, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Hasselt University, Belgium
908. Tamar Schneider, Lecturer of Philosophy
909. Gwendolyn Simmons, Professor Emerita, University of Florida
910. Anat Greenstein, Disability Studies Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem
911. Jim Ritter, Sorbonne Université
912. Jason Sumich, Associate Professor of Sociology, University of Essex
913. Ree Wells-Lewis, Professor of Sociology, Missouri Southern State University
914. Susan Roberta Katz, Professor Emerita, University of San Francisco
915. Neil Turok, Higgs Chair of Theoretical Physics, University of Edinburgh
916. Uri Horesh, Lecturer in Arabic, University of St Andrews
917. Joan Meier, National Family Violence Law Center Professor of Clinical Law, George Washington University Law School
918. Steven J. Heyman, Professor of Law, Chicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Tech
919. Stephen Roddy, Professor, University of San Francisco
920. Harriet Lipowitz, English as a Second Language Instructor (retired)
921. Alexandra Lazerow
922. Maria Llisterri Alvarez, HO Export Control Investigations, Airbus
923. Hossein Kamlay, Professor of Interreligious Studies, Hartford International University for Religion and Peace
924. Yohai Hakak, Senior Lecturer in Social Work, Brunel University
925. Mireille Vaucoret
926. Yasmine Halevi, Translator
927. Manuel Rosaldo, Assistant Professor of Labor Relations, Pennsylvania State University
928. Noga Kadman
929. Guy Gillor, PhD, University of Melbourne
930. Sahar Bostock, PhD candidate, Columbia University
931. Tom Twiss, Faculty emeritus, retired librarian, University of Pittsburgh
932. Aline Hitti, Associate Professor, University of San Francisco

We welcome signatures from the broader community, regardless of affiliation or profession.

To sign the petition, click the “Sign now” button below. For press inquiries, contact Dr. Lior Sternfeld. For other inquiries, contact info@academics4peace.org.

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מתחת לרדאר: איראן שואפת לתפקיד ממתן באזור

מתחת לרדאר: איראן שואפת לתפקיד ממתן באזור

על אף הרטוריקה הלוחמנית, המשטר האיראני יודע להפגין פרגמטיות גם בזירה הפנימית וגם בזו הבינלאומית כדי לבסס את מעמדו כמעצמה אזורית. מאז 7 באוקטובר איראן מאותתת על רצונה לשמש גורם ממתן. מן הראוי שישראל לא תפסול את האפשרות על הסף

מאת: ליאור שטרנפלד9.1.2024

היריבות בין ישראל לאיראן, האיומים ההדדיים ומלחמות הפרוקסי והסייבר בין השתיים הפכו לכל כך ברורים מאליהם, עד שדומה כי אין צורך לבחון אם קיימת אופציה אחרת. בחיבור קצר זה אני מבקש לבחון את ההתנהלות והמדיניות של איראן מזווית שונה, תוך התמקדות במעשים במקום ברטוריקה.

איראן היא מעצמה אזורית ותפיסתה את עצמה ממקמת אותה כמעצמה במזרח התיכון, בעולם המוסלמי ובעולם דובר הפרסית (שכולל את אפגניסטן, טג’יקיסטן, אזרבייג’ן, ונושק להודו, פקיסטן ועוד). היא איננה מעצמה יחידה ולא מתיימרת להיות כזו, אבל היא כן מעוניינת במעמד גבוה יותר.

למרות שלכאורה הוא מגדיר במובן רחב את המחנה שלה, העימות בן 45 השנים בין איראן למערב לא משרת את המטרות של איראן, שמנסה תדיר לפרוץ מבעד למעגלים שמגבילים אותה, ללא קשר לזהות הנשיא המכהן בארה”ב. גם בהקשר של ישראל, המדיניות המוצהרת של הרפובליקה האסלאמית משאירה פתח למרחב תמרון. כך למשל, פעמים רבות, מממשל רפסנג’אני ועד ממשל רוחאני, בכירים איראנים טענו שאם הפלסטינים יגיעו להסכם שיהיה מקובל על כל הפלגים, הם (האיראנים) לא יישאו את דגל המאבק הפלסטיני. כאשר ארגון שיתוף הפעולה האסלאמי אימץ ב-2005 את יוזמת השלום של הליגה הערבית מ-2002, איראן נמנעה ולא התנגדה. עמדתה נעה בין קבלת עמדת הליגה הערבית לבין יוזמת “משאל העם” בין כל יושבי ישראל/פלסטין לגבי פתרון הקבע. כל עוד פתרון כזה לא התקבל, איראן, אמרו בכיריה, תמשיך לתמוך בארגוני התנגדות פלסטינית חמאס והג’יהאד האסלאמי הפלסטיני.

הגמישות הרעיונית היא גם זו שהובילה את המגעים להסכם הגרעין מ-2013 ועד חתימתו ב-2015. המטרה האיראנית הייתה להסיר את הסנקציות שהגבילו מאוד את יכולתה לשקם את הכלכלה ולהרחיב את המסחר. ב-2015 עוד דובר על היום הקרב, שבו ייפתחו מחדש שגרירות איראן בשדרות מסצ’וסטס בוושינגטון והשגרירות האמריקאית בטהראן. ההמשך, כידוע, היה בחירתו של טראמפ ויציאת ארה”ב מהסכם הגרעין, עד להתפוררותו המוחלטת.

בתקופת טראמפ היה ניסיון להגדיר בבירור את המחנה הפרו-אמריקאי (והאנטי-איראני) מחד ואת המחנה האיראני מנגד, כאשר זירות המאבק העיקריות היו תימן ולבנון. הדברים הגיעו אף לכדי ירי טילים איראנים על מתקני נפט סעודים ב-2019. באווירה זו, ממשל טראמפ קידם את הסכמי אברהם, שחתרו לנורמליזציה בין ישראל למדינות ערב, בהן איחוד האמירויות, בחריין, מרוקו וסודאן, כדרך לבלום את השפעתה של איראן. המהלך קיבל את ברכת הדרך הסעודית, שבעצמה נמנעה מלהצטרף בשל עמדתה המסורתית שהסכם ישראלי-סעודי יבוא רק לאחר פתרון הסכסוך בין ישראל לפלסטין.

ניסיונותיו של ביידן, שנכנס לבית הלבן בינואר 2021, חודשים ספורים לפני סוף כהונת רוחאני באיראן, להחיות את הסכם הגרעין, עלו בתוהו. ביוני 2021 איברהים ראיסי, השמרן הקיצוני (הידוע בכינויו “התליין מטהראן”, בשל תפקידו כסגן התובע הכללי בהוצאות להורג ההמוניות בשנת 1988) נבחר לנשיאות, במה שנראה כמסר ברור למערב שהניסיונות לפיוס דיפלומטי תמו. כך נתפסו הדברים בישראל, ארה”ב ובמערב בכלל. חשוב לציין שמעל הבחירות שבהן ניצח ראיסי ריחפה עננה של אי-לגיטימיות, שכן במהלכן נפסל כל מועמד שאינו שמרן מובהק, מה שהוביל לירידה חדה בשיעור המצביעים לעומת כל מערכת בחירות קודמת, אל מתחת ל-50 אחוז.

ממשל ראיסי ספג מכה קשה בעקבות המחאות ההמוניות שפרצו באיראן בספטמבר 2022 במחאה על מותה של מהסא ז’ינא אמיני בזמן מעצרה על ידי משטרת המוסר. ההפגנות, שנמשכו כחצי שנה, נראו בשלב מסוים ככאלה שיכולות להביא להתמוטטות המשטר האיראני. לבסוף, המשטר הצליח להכיל ולבלום את ההפגנות, חוקי החיג’אב כבר לא נאכפים כבעבר, משהו השתנה בהבנת המשטר את הדינמיקה בינו לבין העם. שרידות המשטר חייבה לנקוט צעדים על מנת ליצור דינמיקה חדשה ולזכות בלגיטימיות שאיבד.

לפיכך, ראיסי ביקש לחדש את שיחות הגרעין כדי להביא להסרת הסנקציות ולהישגים שיעזרו בשימור המשטר. במסגרת השיחות המחודשות, שוחררו אסירים אמריקאים עם אזרחות איראנית כפולה ובתמורה הופשרו נכסים איראנים בשווי 6 מיליארד דולר. תחת מטרייה דיפלומטית סינית, איראן חידשה יחסים דיפלומטיים עם סעודיה ויישרה הדורים עם בחריין ועם איחוד האמירויות, חתמה על הסכם לשיתוף פעולה כלכלי עם סין ל-25 שנה, ובקיץ 2023 הוזמנה להצטרף לברית הכלכלית ה-BRICS (הברית ה”מתחרה” ל-G7, וכוללת את החברות המייסדות ברזיל, רוסיה, הודו, סין ודרום אפריקה, לצד מצרים, אתיופיה, איחוד האמירויות וסעודיה). היו שראו בכך סימן להתקרבות של סעודיה ואיחוד האמירויות למחנה האיראני; אך האם לא ניתן לראות את זה דווקא כהתקרבות איראנית ל”ציר הלא איראני”?

להבנתי, מתקפת 7 באוקטובר באה לאיראן בעיתוי גרוע מאוד, שבו היתה אמורה להסכים עם ארה”ב על מתווה חדש לשיחות הגרעין ובמקום זאת מצאה עצמה בעמדת מגננה בינלאומית בשל מתקפת חמאס.

ב-12 באוקטובר דווח בתקשורת הישראלית על ביקור שר החוץ האיראני, חוסיין אמיר עבדאללהיאן, בלבנון, “בצל איומיהם של חיזבאללה הלבנוני וגדודי חיזבאללה העיראקיים, שניהם ארגונים בני חסות של טהראן, להתערב במלחמה”. מטעם שגריר איראן בלבנון נמסר כי “לאור האירועים הפלסטיניים הנוכחיים, הפשעים נגד האנושות שמתבצעים בעזה והשלכותיהם מסוכנות, מסע הדילוגים של שר החוץ באזור יחל היום”, כלומר, לפי דיווח זה והערכות מהימים שקדמו לביקור, איראן באה לתאם או לעודד את חיזבאללה לפעול נגד ישראל. אני סבור שראוי לבחון את הביקור דווקא ככזה שמבקש למנוע מחיזבאללה מלהצטרף למלחמה ובכך להיגרר למלחמה אזורית. כיום, ממרחק של שלושה חודשים אנו רואים שבעוד שמתקיים עימות צבאי מוגבל בין חיזבאללה לישראל, לא נרשמה כניסה למלחמה במלוא העוצמה כפי שהעריכו פרשנים צבאיים ומדיניים. כלומר, לצד לחצים מתוך החברה והמערכת האזרחית הלבנונית, ייתכן מאוד שאיראן שימשה דווקא כגורם מרסן.

בולטות בהיעדרן גם הפגנות ענק נגד ישראל או בעד פלסטין באיראן. למרות מפגן תמיכה במג’לס (הפרלמנט האיראני) בעד חמאס ופלסטין, הציבור האיראני, לא בפעם הראשונה, מזהה את המאבק הפלסטיני כמטרה של המשטר ואף ככלי להסחת דעת ופופוליזם זול. למעט הפגנות ספורדיות, נרשמה אדישות שמתחברת לעוינות הציבורית הכללית נגד המשטר. במספר משחקי כדורגל בליגה הבכירה צולמו סרטונים שהפכו לוויראליים, שבהם אוהדים שרו בעת הצגת הדגל הפלסטיני: “תדחפו אותו [את הדגל] לתחת שלכם”, או צעקו במשחק אחר בזמן דקת הדומייה לזכר קורבנות עזה. ידידי, ד”ר רז צימט, תיאר במאמר באתר “וואלה” את המתרחש סביב תוכנית אקטואליה בנושא הפלסטיני בטלוויזיה האיראנית, שהפכה לזירת התנגשויות בין זרמים פוליטיים.

“כל האופציות על השולחן”. האמנם?

על רקע זה אני מבקש להסב את תשומת הלב לדבריו של שר החוץ האיראני באו”ם ב-26 באוקטובר. עבדאללהיאן אמר שאיראן מעוניינת למנוע את הידרדרות המצב, “ובהתבסס על מאמצינו האחרונים, אנו מוכנים למלא תפקיד רציני יותר במקרה הזה. בהקשר זה, תנועת השחרור חמאס הודיעה על הסכמתה לשחרר בני ערובה לא צבאיים, ואיראן, טורקיה וקטר מוכנות לקחת תפקיד במשימה ההומניטרית החשובה הזו. כמובן ש[משימת] שחרור 6,000 אסירים פלסטינים מידי המשטר הכובש תהיה באחריות ארה”ב”.

איני טוען שצריך לקבל את דבריו ללא ביקורת, אולם לכל הפחות היה ראוי להגיב ואולי אף לבחון את כנות דבריו. ככל הידוע, הממשלה היחידה שביקשה להסתייע בהצעת איראן לתיווך היתה הממשלה התאילנדית, ועובדה היא שהאזרחים התאילנדים שוחררו ללא תמורה. ב-12 בדצמבר אמר עבדאללהיאן בז’נבה כי ישראל וארה”ב לעולם לא תוכלנה למחות את חמאס, ושישראל תוכל להבטיח את שחרור בני הערובה רק חלק מפתרון פוליטי לסכסוך כולו. גם הצהרה זו משקפת עמדה פרגמטית.

כאן תשאל הקוראת, ובצדק, אם איראן אכן שואפת לתפקיד ממתן, מדוע היא בכל זאת תומכת בארגוני המאבק המזוין הפלסטינים ובחיזבאללה, ואף הכניסה למשחק בעמדה משופרת את החות’ים.

אחת התשובות היא שחמאס והג’יהאד האסלאמי הם קודם כל ארגונים פלסטינים, ממש כמו שחיזבאללה הוא קודם כל ארגון לבנוני, ופעולותיהם באות לשרת את מטרותיהם בחברות המיידיות שבהן הם פועלים. כך גם החות’ים. המטרות המיידיות שלהם קשורות למלחמה ולהסדרי סיום המלחמה בתימן, ותמיכה במאבק הפלסטיני משרתת אותם בזירה התימנית והערבית, כפי שהראה לאחרונה שמוליק לדרמן במאמר בפורום לחשיבה אזורית.

שנית, אין לצפות שאיראן תפסיק את תמיכתה בארגונים פלסטיניים או אחרים כצעד ראשון. מהלך שכזה יכול להגיע אך ורק כחלק מתהליך אזורי כולל, שראשיתו בפתרון הסכסוך עם פלסטין. על ישראל מוטלת חובה לבחון את כל האפשרויות לנטרול סכנות ואיומים בדרכים לא צבאיות. ישראל הרשמית מעולם לא דנה ביוזמת השלום של הליגה הערבית, שלפחות בתיאוריה יכלה לשים סוף לאלימות ולמלחמות בסביבתנו הקרובה והאמצעית, מפלסטין בגדה וברצועה ועד לבנון, תימן ואיראן. אך משום מה, כאשר אומרים שכל האופציות על השולחן, אף פעם לא נכללות האופציות שאינן מלחמה.

המאמר נגזר מתוך חיבור ארוך יותר שנכתב לאחר שנת מחקר עבור ה- Foreign Policy Research Institute וכלל מקורות מהתקשורת בערבית, בעברית ובפרסית, כמו גם מקורות ארכיוניים ועיתונאיים בסין. פרופ’ ליאור שטרנפלד מלמד היסטוריה של איראן המודרנית במחלקה להיסטוריה ובתוכנית ללימודים יהודיים באוניברסיטת פן סטייט. מחבר הספר “בין איראן לציון: יהודי איראן במאה העשרים”.

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Iranophobia: The Logic of an Israeli Obsession by Haggai Ram (2009)

Iranophobia: The Logic of an Israeli Obsession by Haggai Ram (2009)

by Lior Sternfeld

Two weeks ago the British Guardian revealed that the Israeli Air-Force has been conducting secret training exercises in preparation for an imminent attack on Iran. As the war drums beats get stronger, one should ask why Iran preoccupies such a large part of Israel’s inner discourse? If Iran imposes such an existential threat to Israel, why do threats sound louder coming from Jerusalem? I am no expert on nuclear issues, therefore the goal of this essay is not to assess the level of threat Iran poses to Israel, but rather to question the pathology of the Israeli obsession with an Iranian threat.

There could be no better time to read Haggai Ram’s Iranophobia: the Logic of an Israeli Obsession (full disclosure: Haggai Ram was my MA Thesis advisor and is a friend). Haggai Ram, a prominent Israeli scholar, offers a new reading of the long history of the relationship between Israel and Iran, and persuasively analyzes the problematic Israeli “reading” of Iran.

Prior to the 1979 revolution, Iran and Israel forged a close and very beneficial relationship, stemming from Israel’s strategy of  “the Alliance of Periphery.” This alliance was aimed at bringing the three non-Arab countries of the Middle East — Israel, Turkey, and Iran, — and the Christian state of east Africa— Ethiopia—into a strategic collaboration vis-à-vis the Arab states. What brought these countries together was the fear of Nasser’s pan-Arabism, which appeared to be on the borders of each. Israel and Iran, apart from the strategic collaboration, also became trade partners. Iran supplied Israel most of its oil needs and Israeli companies worked throughout Iran in supplying military technology (ironically, even nuclear), agricultural assistance, and construction. The relationship thrived as both countries imagined themselves as non-Middle Eastern by nature. Israel’s self perception envisaged a Judeo-Christian civilization, and in Iran the Shah tried to instill the “Aryan Hypothesis” arguing that Iranians are of ancient indo-European tribes descent.

The 1979 revolution, however, took Iran to a different place in the Israeli imagination. Not only did Iran cease to be “modern,” but it also represented everything that seemed wrong and backward in the Middle East. The Israeli nightmare became a reality in the former close ally. Ram juxtaposes this development with the changing political reality in Israel, as the long time Ashkenazi ruling hegemony was voted out, and the ‘Likud’ party—overwhelmingly supported by religious Mizrahi Jews—came to power. At that point, Israelis saw Iran as a reflection of Israel’s own dark future if the Mizrahi forces in Israel should gain more political power. This sentiment grew stronger during the 1980s and the early 1990s. Ram brings a telling example of Iran’s function in the Israeli inner discourse in a slogan penned by Zionist leftist Meretz party in its 1992 campaign: “This is not Iran” (Kan lo iran). Ram explains: “in this slogan Meretz obviously rejected Iran, but at the same time it also suggested that Israel was becoming an Iran-like state, treading a dangerous path that might culminate in the establishment of a Jewish theocracy.”

In another important contribution of this work, Ram traces the place Iran had in the Israeli scholarship of the Middle East, especially on the Iranian Jews. Ram eloquently shows that the history of Iranian Jewry was written mainly by Iranian or Israeli Jews, and was deeply embedded in the Zionist paradigm, which denigrated Jewish existence anywhere but in Israel, and especially in a Muslim country. Therefore, the history of integrated communities in the Middle East was reduced to a history of persecution and cultural achievement.

Iranophobia is highly recommended reading for anyone interested in Israeli society. It helps explain Israeli anxieties about the Iranian nuclear threat and incidentally also helps explain Israeli anxieties in response to the Arab spring.

You may also enjoy:

Recent NEP blog post: Arab Autumn, Egypt Now by Yoav di-Capua

Other reviews by Lior Sternfeld: Making Islam Democratic and The Eastern Mediterranean and the Making of Global Radicalism

Posted November 9, 2011